SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann (1906–1962), head of Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA, Reich Security Central Office) Department IV B4 (Jewish affairs), who organized the deportation of Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust. Taken in or around 1942, this appears to have been Eichmann's official RSHA ID photograph. Yad Vashem describes the image as "Eichmann, RSHA (Reich Central Security Office), 1942, Collection Archive, Yad Vashem Archives." See with a signature; the holes from the hole punch are visible.
The image shows Eichmann in his Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) uniform, with four silver pips and a stripe on the left collar. He became Obersturmbannführer on 9 November 1941.
David Cesarani writes: "The much used official photograph of the smiling young SS officer with filmstar looks who deported millions of Jews to the death camps seems to personify all the perpetrators of Nazi genocide. The ubiquity of this image is equalled by that of Eichmann at his trial in Jerusalem in 1961, sitting or standing inside a bulletproof glass booth".
It is not known where the photograph was taken. After the Wannsee Conference in January 1942, Eichmann travelled extensively, setting up offices in countries from which Jews were being deported. The birth of his children mirrored this movement: his first son was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1936; his second in Vienna, Austria, in 1940; and his third in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic), in 1942, where he and his wife had rented a home since 1939 and which he regarded as his official residence. He would regularly return to Berlin. (His fourth son was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1955.)
Bettina Stangneth writes that, from June 1942, when Reinhard Heydrich, head of the RSHA, was assassinated in Prague, Eichmann "began ensuring that no one took his photograph". Describing the security measures Eichmann took because he "lived in constant fear of assassination", Dieter Wisliceny, another SS officer, wrote in a statement in 1946: "The same caution made him camera-shy. Whenever he needed photographs for identification papers, he had them done by the Gestapo Photographic Laboratory. I myself took two pictures of Eichmann, the first in 1937 and the second in 1944, showing Eichmann in uniform. It was taken in Hungary, and even there Eichmann made me give him the negative. The pictures used to be in my apartment in Vienna 18, Buchleitengasse 8."
วันที่
The photograph was taken in 1941, according to Bettina Stangneth (an Eichmann expert); 1942, according to Yad Vashem; or 1943, according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
แหล่งที่มา
Immediate source Blic.rs. Also Yad Vashem and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The latter credits DIZ Muenchen GMBH, Sueddeutscher Verlag Bilderdienst. Image ID: 00126367.
ผู้สร้างสรรค์
Author and location unknown. Bettina Stangneth's caption for the image says: "Unknown photographer, undated (1941), AKG Images, 4217270". The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Bavarian State Library) website used to attribute the image to Heinrich Hoffmann (1885–1957) ("image: hoff-895; negative: Hoffmann 8841"), a German photographer who was known as Hitler's personal photographer. The library obtained the negative and a copy of the image as part of a collection purchased from Hoffmann's son in 1993. Following an inquiry from a Wikipedian in 2014, the library checked the negative and confirmed "with certainty" that this is not one of Hoffmann's images. His negatives were made of glass and had identifying numbers etched onto them. The library said they cannot determine the authorship of the Eichmann negative.
การอนุญาต (การใช้ไฟล์นี้ใหม่)
Because this is an official image, it can be regarded as having been published in the form of an ID document at the time. It is in the public domain in the US because it was published between 1923 and 1977 without compliance with US formalities. If it was part of Eichmann's RSHA personnel file, it would have been seized by the Alien Property Custodian as enemy property. Ladislas Farago wrote in 1974 that passport-size Eichmann photographs were held by the Allies after the war, "including in the captured archives of the RSHA, the SS main office, and on file at Nuremberg, numbered No. 2259." The image can also be regarded as the work of a criminal enterprise (the SS). For the Commons status of other images associated with the SS, see:
Commons:Village pump/Archive/2015/02#Auschwitz Album
Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2015/02#URAA on WWII photos of Nazi extermination camps
Also see "17 U.S. Code § 104A - Copyright in restored works", Legal Information Institute; "Captured German Records and the Berlin Document Center" and Eichmann file, National Archives.
References
For the date, see Leni Yahil, The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945, Oxford University Press, 1990 [1987], p. 315.
David Cesarani, Becoming Eichmann, Da Capo Press, 2007, p. 1.
↑ Bettina Stangneth, "Otto Adolf Eichmann", in Hans-Christian Jasch and Christoph Kreutzmüller (eds.), The Participants: The Men of the Wannsee Conference, Berghahn Books, 2017, pp. 52–53.
Bettina Stangneth, Eichmann Before Jerusalem, Vintage, 2015, p. 39.
Tuviah Friedman, The Hunter: Autobiography Of The Man Who Spent Fifteen Years Searching For Adolf Eichmann, Normanby Press, p. 262.
Ladislas Farago, Aftermath: Martin Bormann and the Fourth Reich, Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, p. 291.
{{Information |Description=Official Reichssicherheitshauptamt ID photograph, taken in or around 1942, of SS Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann (1906–1962), who played a central role in the deportation of Jews during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem describes the image as "Eichmann, RSHA (Reich Central Security Office), 1942, Collection Archive, Yad Vashem Archives." See [https://web.archive.org/web/20140802101257/http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/interviews/...
ไฟล, adolf, eichmann, 1942, ไฟล, ประว, ไฟล, หน, าท, ภาพน, การใช, ไฟล, วนกลาง, อม, ลเก, ยวก, บภาพขนาดของต, วอย, างน, กเซล, ความละเอ, ยดอ, กเซล, กเซล, กเซล, ภาพท, ความละเอ, ยดส, งกว, 8206, กเซล, ขนาดไฟล, โลไบต, ชน, ดไมม, image, jpeg, ปภาพหร, อไฟล, เส, ยงน, นฉบ, . ifl prawtiifl hnathimiphaphni karichiflswnklang khxmulekiywkbphaphkhnadkhxngtwxyangni 382 600 phikesl khwamlaexiydxun 153 240 phikesl 305 480 phikesl 652 1 024 phikesl duphaphthimikhwamlaexiydsungkwa 8206 652 1 024 phikesl khnadifl 298 kiolibt chnidimm image jpeg rupphaphhruxiflesiyngni tnchbbxyuthi khxmmxns raylaexiyddanlang epnkhxkhwamthiaesdngphlcak ifltnchbbinkhxmmxns khxmmxnsepnewbistinokhrngkarsahrbekbrwbrwmsuxesri thi khunsamarthchwyid khwamyx khaxthibayAdolf Eichmann 1942 jpg SS Obersturmbannfuhrer Adolf Eichmann 1906 1962 head of Reichssicherheitshauptamt RSHA Reich Security Central Office Department IV B4 Jewish affairs who organized the deportation of Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp in German occupied Poland during the Holocaust Taken in or around 1942 this appears to have been Eichmann s official RSHA ID photograph Yad Vashem describes the image as Eichmann RSHA Reich Central Security Office 1942 Collection Archive Yad Vashem Archives See this version with a signature the holes from the hole punch are visible The image shows Eichmann in his Obersturmbannfuhrer lieutenant colonel uniform with four silver pips and a stripe on the left collar He became Obersturmbannfuhrer on 9 November 1941 1 David Cesarani writes The much used official photograph of the smiling young SS officer with filmstar looks who deported millions of Jews to the death camps seems to personify all the perpetrators of Nazi genocide The ubiquity of this image is equalled by that of Eichmann at his trial in Jerusalem in 1961 sitting or standing inside a bulletproof glass booth 2 It is not known where the photograph was taken After the Wannsee Conference in January 1942 Eichmann travelled extensively setting up offices in countries from which Jews were being deported The birth of his children mirrored this movement his first son was born in Berlin Germany in 1936 his second in Vienna Austria in 1940 and his third in Prague Czechoslovakia now the Czech Republic in 1942 where he and his wife had rented a home since 1939 and which he regarded as his official residence He would regularly return to Berlin 3 His fourth son was born in Buenos Aires Argentina in 1955 Bettina Stangneth writes that from June 1942 when Reinhard Heydrich head of the RSHA was assassinated in Prague Eichmann began ensuring that no one took his photograph 4 Describing the security measures Eichmann took because he lived in constant fear of assassination Dieter Wisliceny another SS officer wrote in a statement in 1946 The same caution made him camera shy Whenever he needed photographs for identification papers he had them done by the Gestapo Photographic Laboratory I myself took two pictures of Eichmann the first in 1937 and the second in 1944 showing Eichmann in uniform It was taken in Hungary and even there Eichmann made me give him the negative The pictures used to be in my apartment in Vienna 18 Buchleitengasse 8 5 wnthi The photograph was taken in 1941 according to Bettina Stangneth an Eichmann expert 1942 according to Yad Vashem or 1943 according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum aehlngthima Immediate source Blic rs Also Yad Vashem and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum The latter credits DIZ Muenchen GMBH Sueddeutscher Verlag Bilderdienst Image ID 00126367 phusrangsrrkh Author and location unknown Bettina Stangneth s caption for the image says Unknown photographer undated 1941 AKG Images 4217270 3 The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Bavarian State Library website used to attribute the image to Heinrich Hoffmann 1885 1957 image hoff 895 negative Hoffmann 8841 a German photographer who was known as Hitler s personal photographer The library obtained the negative and a copy of the image as part of a collection purchased from Hoffmann s son in 1993 Following an inquiry from a Wikipedian in 2014 the library checked the negative and confirmed with certainty that this is not one of Hoffmann s images His negatives were made of glass and had identifying numbers etched onto them The library said they cannot determine the authorship of the Eichmann negative karxnuyat karichiflniihm Because this is an official image it can be regarded as having been published in the form of an ID document at the time It is in the public domain in the US because it was published between 1923 and 1977 without compliance with US formalities If it was part of Eichmann s RSHA personnel file it would have been seized by the Alien Property Custodian as enemy property Ladislas Farago wrote in 1974 that passport size Eichmann photographs were held by the Allies after the war including in the captured archives of the RSHA the SS main office and on file at Nuremberg numbered No 2259 6 The image can also be regarded as the work of a criminal enterprise the SS For the Commons status of other images associated with the SS see Category Auschwitz Album Commons Deletion requests File Selection Birkenau ramp jpg Commons Village pump Archive 2015 02 Auschwitz Album Commons Village pump Copyright Archive 2015 02 URAA on WWII photos of Nazi extermination campsAlso see 17 U S Code 104A Copyright in restored works Legal Information Institute Captured German Records and the Berlin Document Center and Eichmann file National Archives References For the date see Leni Yahil The Holocaust The Fate of European Jewry 1932 1945 Oxford University Press 1990 1987 p 315 David Cesarani Becoming Eichmann Da Capo Press 2007 p 1 a b Bettina Stangneth Otto Adolf Eichmann in Hans Christian Jasch and Christoph Kreutzmuller eds The Participants The Men of the Wannsee Conference Berghahn Books 2017 pp 52 53 Bettina Stangneth Eichmann Before Jerusalem Vintage 2015 p 39 Tuviah Friedman The Hunter Autobiography Of The Man Who Spent Fifteen Years Searching For Adolf Eichmann Normanby Press p 262 Ladislas Farago Aftermath Martin Bormann and the Fourth Reich Hodder amp Stoughton Ltd p 291 Public domain Public domain false falseThis image or other media file is in the public domain because its copyright has expired and its author is anonymous This applies to the European Union and those countries with a copyright term of 70 years after the work was made available to the public and the author never disclosed their identity Important Always mention where the image comes from as far as possible and make sure the author never claimed authorship Note In Germany and possibly other countries certain anonymous works published before July 1 1995 are copyrighted until 70 years after the death of the author See Ubergangsrecht Please use this template only if the author never claimed authorship or their authorship never became public in any other way If the work is anonymous or pseudonymous e g published only under a corporate 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