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Claudette Colbert 1931

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คำอธิบาย
English: Claudette Colbert publicity photo,1931
วันที่
แหล่งที่มา [1]
ผู้สร้างสรรค์ Unknown authorUnknown author
การอนุญาต
(การใช้ไฟล์นี้ใหม่)

This is a publicity photo taken to promote an actress. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."

Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements ... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." ("Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" by Kristin Thompson, Society for Cinema and Media Studies)

Note on non-renewalː The back of the photo indicates that the Minneapolis Journal received the photo in November 1936, but did not use it for publication until February 17, 1937. A check of publications renewals for the Minneapolis Journal for the years 1964 and 1965 showed that the paper did not renew any issues during those two years.

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วันที่สร้าง/วันก่อตั้ง

1931

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ปัจจุบัน19:03, 1 มีนาคม 25621,157 × 1,502 (687 กิโลไบต์)LemonreaderReverted to version as of 14:43, 20 April 2016 (UTC) The recent content should be put into a new file
12:54, 30 ตุลาคม 2559500 × 660 (43 กิโลไบต์)Norsegribbetter version, same year
21:43, 20 เมษายน 25591,157 × 1,502 (687 กิโลไบต์)Bede735Adjusted to b&w
16:42, 20 เมษายน 25591,157 × 1,502 (813 กิโลไบต์)Bede735Adjusted brightness, contrast, and tone, cropped, minor touchups
08:51, 20 เมษายน 25592,528 × 1,600 (730 กิโลไบต์)Bede735User created page with UploadWizard

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วิกิอื่นต่อไปนี้ใช้ไฟล์นี้:

  • AFI's 100 anys...100 estrelles
  • Academy Award for Best Actress
  • El teniente seductor
  • The Smiling Lieutenant
  • کلودت کولبرت
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    ไฟล, claudette, colbert, 1931, ไฟล, ประว, ไฟล, หน, าท, ภาพน, การใช, ไฟล, วนกลาง, อม, ลเก, ยวก, บภาพขนาดของต, วอย, างน, กเซล, ความละเอ, ยดอ, กเซล, กเซล, กเซล, กเซล, ภาพท, ความละเอ, ยดส, งกว, 8206, กเซล, ขนาดไฟล, โลไบต, ชน, ดไมม, image, jpeg, ปภาพหร, อไฟล, เส, ย. ifl prawtiifl hnathimiphaphni karichiflswnklang khxmulekiywkbphaphkhnadkhxngtwxyangni 462 600 phikesl khwamlaexiydxun 185 240 phikesl 370 480 phikesl 591 768 phikesl 1 157 1 502 phikesl duphaphthimikhwamlaexiydsungkwa 8206 1 157 1 502 phikesl khnadifl 687 kiolibt chnidimm image jpeg rupphaphhruxiflesiyngni tnchbbxyuthi khxmmxns raylaexiyddanlang epnkhxkhwamthiaesdngphlcak ifltnchbbinkhxmmxns khxmmxnsepnewbistinokhrngkarsahrbekbrwbrwmsuxesri thi khunsamarthchwyid khwamyx khaxthibayClaudette Colbert 1931 jpg English Claudette Colbert publicity photo 1931wnthi 2473 hrux 2474aehlngthima 1 phusrangsrrkh Unknown authorUnknown authorkarxnuyat karichiflniihm This is a publicity photo taken to promote an actress As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook Focal Press 2001 p 211 Publicity photos star headshots have traditionally not been copyrighted Since they are disseminated to the public they are generally considered public domain and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary Nancy Wolff includes a similar explanation There is a vast body of photographs including but not limited to publicity stills that have no notice as to who may have created them The Professional Photographer s Legal Handbook By Nancy E Wolff Allworth Communications 2007 p 55 Film industry author Gerald Mast in Film Study and the Copyright Law 1989 p 87 writes According to the old copyright act such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film s copyright owner a five year period in which to copyright the stills Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible Kristin Thompson committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors that they expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements and some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills by Kristin Thompson Society for Cinema and Media Studies Note on non renewalː The back of the photo indicates that the Minneapolis Journal received the photo in November 1936 but did not use it for publication until February 17 1937 A check of publications renewals for the Minneapolis Journal for the years 1964 and 1965 showed that the paper did not renew any issues during those two years karxnuyatichsiththi Public domain Public domain false falsephlnganchinniepn satharnsmbti ephraaidmikartiphimphinshrthxemrikatngaet ph s 2471 thung ph s 2520 kh s 1928 thung kh s 1977 phlnganthikhlxbkhlumxyuinpiehlani ihthuxwaplxdsungprakaskarthuxlikhsiththi nxkcakecakhxngphlngannnidesiychiwitinchwnghlaypithiphanma phlnganchinnixacmilikhsiththiinpraeths hruxphunthithiimidbngkhbichkdrayasn sahrbphlngankhxngshrth xyangechn aekhnada 50 p m a cinaephndinihy 50 p m a imrwmhxngkng hrux maeka eyxrmni 70 p m a emksiok 100 p m a swisesxraelnd 70 p m a aelapraethsxun thimisnthisyyaswnbukhkhlkhxngpraethsnn oprdduthihnanisahrbkhaxthibayephimetim العربية belaruskaya tarashkevica cestina Deutsch Ellhnika English espanol francais italiano 日本語 한국어 makedonski Nederlands portugues russkij sicilianu slovenscina ithy Tiếng Việt 中文 简体 中文 繁體 khabrryayodyyxithyephimkhabrryaythrrthdediywephuxkhyaykhwamwaiflnimixairixethmthiaesdngxyuiniflniprakxbdwywnthisrang wnkxtng1931 prawtiifl khlikwnthi ewlaephuxduiflthipraktinkhnann wnthi ewlarupyxkhnadphuichkhwamehn pccubn19 03 1 minakhm 25621 157 1 502 687 kiolibt LemonreaderReverted to version as of 14 43 20 April 2016 UTC The recent content should be put into a new file 12 54 30 tulakhm 2559500 660 43 kiolibt Norsegribbetter version same year 21 43 20 emsayn 25591 157 1 502 687 kiolibt Bede735Adjusted to b amp w 16 42 20 emsayn 25591 157 1 502 813 kiolibt Bede735Adjusted brightness contrast and tone cropped minor touchups 08 51 20 emsayn 25592 528 1 600 730 kiolibt Bede735User created page with UploadWizard hnathimiphaphni hnatxipni oyngmathiphaphni rangwlxxskar sakhankaesdngnahyingyxdeyiym karichiflswnklang wikixuntxipniichiflni karichbn af wikipedia org Claudette Colbert karichbn arz wikipedia org الملازم المبتسم karichbn ca wikipedia org The Smiling Lieutenant AFI s 100 anys 100 estrelles karichbn cy wikipedia org The Smiling Lieutenant karichbn da wikipedia org Den smilende Lojtnant karichbn en wikipedia org AFI s 100 Years 100 Stars Academy Award for Best Actress karichbn es wikipedia org Anexo AFI s 100 anos 100 estrellas El teniente seductor karichbn eu wikipedia org Claudette Colbert The Smiling Lieutenant karichbn fa wikipedia org جایزه اسکار بهترین بازیگر نقش اول زن کلودت کولبرت karichbn fr wikipedia org Le Lieutenant souriant karichbn ja wikipedia org 陽気な中尉さん karichbn ka wikipedia org AFI ის 100 წელი 100 ვარსკვლავი karichbn ko wikipedia org 중위의 웃음 karichbn lv wikipedia org Labaka aktrise galvenaja loma Amerikas Kinoakademijas balva karichbn mg wikipedia org Claudette Colbert karichbn no wikipedia org Claudette Colbert karichbn ru wikipedia org Ulybayushijsya lejtenant karichbn sv wikipedia org Claudette Colbert karichbn uk wikipedia org Usmihnenij lejtenant karichbn ur wikipedia org مسودہ خانہ معلومات درکار تصاویر والے مضامین karichbn uz wikipedia org Eng yaxshi aktrisa uchun Oscar mukofoti karichbn www wikidata org Q1199446 karichbn zh wikipedia org 克劳黛 考尔白khxmulekiywkbphaph phaphnimikhxmulephimetim sungswnihymacakklxngdicitxlhruxsaeknenxrthisamarthekbkhxmuldngklawiwrwmkbphaphid thaphaphnithukprbprungaekikhhruxepliynaeplngcakedim khxmulbangxyangcayngkhngimepliynaeplngehmuxnphaphthithukprbprungaekikhnnkhwamkwang1 261 phikeslkhwamsung1 600 phikeslbittxkhxmophennt8 8 8phikeslkhxmophsichnRGBkarcdwangphaphpkticanwnkhxmophennt3khwamlaexiydaenwnxn72 dpikhwamlaexiydaenwtng72 dpisxftaewrthiichAdobe Photoshop CS5 Windowsaekikhphaphlasud10 44 20 emsayn 2559runexksif Exif 2 21sepssiimidprbethiybewlathiaeplngepndicithl17 08 19 emsayn 2559wnthiaekikhkhxmulemtalasud06 44 20 emsayn 2559ID echphaakhxngexksartnchbbxmp did F00488C09106E611B50EDA321E05F6EErun IIM4 662 ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org wiki ifl Claudette Colbert 1931 jpg, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,

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