English: This figure is a simplified, schematic representation of the flows of energy between space, the atmosphere, and the Earth's surface, and shows how these flows combine to trap heat near the surface and create the greenhouse effect. Energy exchanges are expressed in watts per square meter (W/m2) and derived from Kiehl & Trenberth (1997). Complete figure: (http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/abstracts/files/kevin1997_1.html UCAR.edu)
Suggested corrections:
Change the 195 from "thermal radiation" to "atmospheric radiation" into space, as it does not include the 40 radiated from the surface.
Change the "Greenhouse gas absorption: 350" to "Surface radiation absorbed/ captured by greenhouse gas: 350" or "Athmospheric absorption of surface radiation: 350" or "Greenhouse gas radiation absorption: 350" (see the Kiehl/Trenberth source). If this is not feasible due to space limitations it should possibly be explained in the image notes that the remaining grey part of the arrow stands for thermic energy transmission by convection of sensible and latent heat.)
The sun is responsible for virtually all energy that reaches the Earth's surface. Direct overhead sunlight at the top of the atmosphere provides 1366 W/m2; however, geometric effects and reflective surfaces limit the light which is absorbed at the typical location to an annual average of ~235 W/m2. If this were the total heat received at the surface, then, neglecting changes in albedo, the Earth's surface would be expected to have an average temperature of -18 °C (Lashof 1989). Of the surface heat captured by the atmosphere, more than 75% can be attributed to the action of greenhouse gases that absorb thermal radiation emitted by the Earth's surface. The atmosphere in turn transfers the energy it receives both into space (38%) and back to the Earth's surface (62%), where the amount transferred in each direction depends on the thermal and density structure of the atmosphere. This process by which energy is recycled in the atmosphere to warm the Earth's surface is known as the greenhouse effect and is an essential piece of Earth's climate. Under stable conditions, the total amount of energy entering the system from solar radiation will exactly balance the amount being radiated into space, thus allowing the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature over time.
However, recent measurements indicate that the Earth is presently absorbing 0.85 ± 0.15 W/m2 more than it emits into space (Hansen et al. 2005). An overwhelming majority of climate scientists believe that this asymmetry in the flow of energy has been significantly increased by human emissions of greenhouse gases [1]. This figure was created by Robert A. Rohde from published data and is part of the Global Warming Art project.
แหล่งที่มา
This figure was created by Robert A. Rohde from published data and is part of the Global Warming Art project.
Kiehl, J. T. and Trenberth, K. E. (1997). "Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Association78": 197-208.
Daniel A. Lashof (1989). "The dynamic greenhouse: Feedback processes that may influence future concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and climatic change". Climatic Change14 (3): 213-242.
James Hansen, Larissa Nazarenko, Reto Ruedy, Makiko Sato, Josh Willis, Anthony Del Genio, Dorothy Koch, Andrew Lacis, Ken Lo, Surabi Menon, Tica Novakov, Judith Perlwitz, Gary Russell, Gavin A. Schmidt, Nicholas Tausnev (2005). "Earth's Energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications". Science308 (5727): 1431-1435.
Revert to earlier version. Change is technically inaccurate. Energy flow balance requires that all forms of energy transfer are included, i.e. the land->atmosphere flow includes not only radiation but also conduction, convection, etc. Also, "heat radiation" appears to be colloquial.
== Description == {{en|This figure is a simplified, schematic representation of the flows of energy between space, the atmosphere, and the Earth's surface, and shows how these flows combine to trap heat near the surface and
ไฟล, greenhouse, effect, ไฟล, ประว, ไฟล, หน, าท, ภาพน, การใช, ไฟล, วนกลาง, อม, ลเก, ยวก, บภาพขนาดของต, วอย, าง, ของไฟล, กเซล, ความละเอ, ยดอ, กเซล, กเซล, กเซล, กเซล, กเซล, ภาพท, ความละเอ, ยดส, งกว, 8206, ไฟล, กเซล, ขนาดไฟล, โลไบต, ปภาพหร, อไฟล, เส, ยงน, นฉบ, บอ. ifl prawtiifl hnathimiphaphni karichiflswnklang khxmulekiywkbphaphkhnadkhxngtwxyang PNG nikhxngifl SVG ni 750 577 phikesl khwamlaexiydxun 312 240 phikesl 624 480 phikesl 998 768 phikesl 1 280 985 phikesl 2 560 1 969 phikesl duphaphthimikhwamlaexiydsungkwa 8206 ifl SVG 750 577 phikesl khnadifl 21 kiolibt rupphaphhruxiflesiyngni tnchbbxyuthi khxmmxns raylaexiyddanlang epnkhxkhwamthiaesdngphlcak ifltnchbbinkhxmmxns khxmmxnsepnewbistinokhrngkarsahrbekbrwbrwmsuxesri thi khunsamarthchwyid khwamyx khaxthibayGreenhouse Effect svg English This figure is a simplified schematic representation of the flows of energy between space the atmosphere and the Earth s surface and shows how these flows combine to trap heat near the surface and create the greenhouse effect Energy exchanges are expressed in watts per square meter W m2 and derived from Kiehl amp Trenberth 1997 Complete figure http www cgd ucar edu cas abstracts files kevin1997 1 html UCAR edu Suggested corrections Change the 195 from thermal radiation to atmospheric radiation into space as it does not include the 40 radiated from the surface Change the Greenhouse gas absorption 350 to Surface radiation absorbed captured by greenhouse gas 350 or Athmospheric absorption of surface radiation 350 or Greenhouse gas radiation absorption 350 see the Kiehl Trenberth source If this is not feasible due to space limitations it should possibly be explained in the image notes that the remaining grey part of the arrow stands for thermic energy transmission by convection of sensible and latent heat The sun is responsible for virtually all energy that reaches the Earth s surface Direct overhead sunlight at the top of the atmosphere provides 1366 W m2 however geometric effects and reflective surfaces limit the light which is absorbed at the typical location to an annual average of 235 W m2 If this were the total heat received at the surface then neglecting changes in albedo the Earth s surface would be expected to have an average temperature of 18 C Lashof 1989 Of the surface heat captured by the atmosphere more than 75 can be attributed to the action of greenhouse gases that absorb thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface The atmosphere in turn transfers the energy it receives both into space 38 and back to the Earth s surface 62 where the amount transferred in each direction depends on the thermal and density structure of the atmosphere This process by which energy is recycled in the atmosphere to warm the Earth s surface is known as the greenhouse effect and is an essential piece of Earth s climate Under stable conditions the total amount of energy entering the system from solar radiation will exactly balance the amount being radiated into space thus allowing the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature over time However recent measurements indicate that the Earth is presently absorbing 0 85 0 15 W m2 more than it emits into space Hansen et al 2005 An overwhelming majority of climate scientists believe that this asymmetry in the flow of energy has been significantly increased by human emissions of greenhouse gases 1 This figure was created by Robert A Rohde from published data and is part of the Global Warming Art project aehlngthima This figure was created by Robert A Rohde from published data and is part of the Global Warming Art project http www atmo arizona edu students courselinks spring04 atmo451b pdf RadiationBudget pdf Original image http www globalwarmingart com wiki Image Greenhouse Effect png archived https web archive org web 20150909201753 http www globalwarmingart com wiki Image Greenhouse Effect png http data giss nasa gov gistemp abs temp html converted to SVG by User Rugby471 phusrangsrrkh Robert A Rohde Dragons flight thi wikiphiediyphasaxngkvs ewxrchnxun aekikh catala cestina English Esperanto espanol euskara francais Bahasa Indonesia italiano magyar Nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk polski portugues suomi Tiếng Việt Ellhnika makedonski ukrayinska ह न द অসম য ব ল ગ જર ત தம ழ త ల గ ಕನ ನಡ മലയ ള 한국어 日本語 中文 简体 العربيةSVG genesisInfoField sxrsokhdkhxng SVG nitrwcsxbthuktxngaelw iflphaphkrafiksewketxrni srangkhunodyich Inkscape or with something else This diagram uses embedded text that can be easily translated using a text editor karxnuyatichsiththi xnuyatihkhdlxk aeckcayaela hruxaekikhexksarniphayitenguxnikhkhxngsyyaxnuyatexksaresrikhxngknu run 1 2 nithixxkodymulnithisxftaewresri odyimmiswnidhamaekikh immikhxkhwampkhnaaelapkhlng saenakhxngsyyaxnuyatrwmxyuinswnchux syyaxnuyatexksaresrikhxngknu 1 2 ethann http www gnu org licenses old licenses fdl 1 2 html GFDL 1 2 GNU Free Documentation License 1 2 true trueReferences used in description Kiehl J T and Trenberth K E 1997 Earth s Annual Global Mean Energy Budget Bulletin of the American Meteorological Association 78 197 208 Daniel A Lashof 1989 The dynamic greenhouse Feedback processes that may influence future concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and climatic change Climatic Change 14 3 213 242 James Hansen Larissa Nazarenko Reto Ruedy Makiko Sato Josh Willis Anthony Del Genio Dorothy Koch Andrew Lacis Ken Lo Surabi Menon Tica Novakov Judith Perlwitz Gary Russell Gavin A Schmidt Nicholas Tausnev 2005 Earth s Energy Imbalance Confirmation and Implications Science 308 5727 1431 1435 khabrryayodyyxithyephimkhabrryaythrrthdediywephuxkhyaykhwamwaiflnimixairixethmthiaesdngxyuiniflniprakxbdwypraktkarneruxnkracksthanalikhsiththimilikhsiththisyyaxnuyatGNU Free Documentation License version 1 2 xngkvsMIME type xngkvsimage svg xml prawtiifl khlikwnthi ewlaephuxduiflthipraktinkhnann wnthi ewlarupyxkhnadphuichkhwamehn pccubn03 04 1 knyayn 2564750 577 21 kiolibt Dragons flightRevert to earlier version Change is technically inaccurate Energy flow balance requires that all forms of energy transfer are included i e the land gt atmosphere flow includes not only radiation but also conduction convection etc Also heat radiation appears to be colloquial 04 35 23 singhakhm 2564750 577 21 kiolibt EfbrazilAll heat radiation is now the same color it is not clear why that was not the case before 03 31 23 singhakhm 2564750 577 21 kiolibt EfbrazilA few text changes to make things more clear 00 42 10 emsayn 2563750 577 21 kiolibt EfbrazilMinor edit improving alignment of text with larger font for thumbnail view 00 06 31 minakhm 2563750 577 21 kiolibt EfbrazilImproved fonts and alignment for thumbnail legibility 22 00 25 tulakhm 2550750 577 21 kiolibt Rugby471changed width 00 42 3 tulakhm 2550750 577 20 kiolibt Rugby471 Description en This figure is a simplified schematic representation of the flows of energy between space the atmosphere and the Earth 039 s surface and shows how these flows combine to trap heat near the surface and hnathimiphaphni hnatxipni oyngmathiphaphni praktkarneruxnkrack aekseruxnkrack sthaniyxy withyasastr bthkhwamaenana 3 karichiflswnklang wikixuntxipniichiflni karichbn af wikipedia org Joseph Fourier karichbn beta wikiversity org ਵ ਦ ਅਕ ਮ ਡ ਆ ਜ ਗਰ ਕਤ ਅਭ ਆਨ ਭ ਗ ਲ ਮ ਸਮ POTD 2 karichbn bg wikipedia org Globalno zatoplyane karichbn ca wikipedia org Usuari Mcapdevila Barreja CO2 CH4 karichbn da wikipedia org Drivhuseffekt Drivhusgas karichbn de wikipedia org Benutzer Casadopovo VISUALISIERUNG THERMODYNAMISCHER SYSTEME karichbn de wikibooks org Natur und Technik fur den Pflichtschulabschluss Der Treibhauseffekt Natur und Technik fur den Pflichtschulabschluss Die Erdatmosphare Benutzer Yomomo NuT karichbn diq wikipedia org Tesire sera karichbn en wikipedia org Attribution of recent climate change Greenhouse effect Positive feedback Earth s energy budget Outgoing longwave radiation User Rugby471 Images Urban metabolism Talk Greenhouse effect Archive 3 Wikipedia Valued picture candidates The Greenhouse Effect Wikipedia Valued picture candidates September 2009 Wikipedia Reference desk Archives Science 2009 December 6 Talk Greenhouse gas Archive 4 Talk Climate change Archive 63 User Bluebolt94 greenhouse Talk Greenhouse gas Archive 5 User talk JRSpriggs Archive 5 Wikipedia Top 25 Report November 10 to 16 2013 Wikipedia Top 25 Report November 17 to 23 2013 Wikipedia Reference desk Archives Science 2017 November 14 User talk A loose necktie User Daniel Mietchen gallery Talk Climate change Archive 81 Portal Climate change karichbn en wikibooks org General Astronomy Earth Basic Geography Climate Weather Extremes High School Earth Science Energy in the Atmosphere General Astronomy Print version Climatology Heat Budget Climatology Printable version karichbn en wikiversity org Educational Media Awareness Campaign Geography Climate POTD 2 Wright State University Lake Campus 2017 9 Phy1050 karichbn es wikipedia org Wikiproyecto Ilustracion Taller grafico Peticiones Archivo 2014 12 Wikiproyecto Ilustracion Taller grafico Peticiones Archivo 2015 04 karichbn fa wikipedia org متابولیسم شهری karichbn fr wikipedia org Utilisateur Effco Rechauffement climatique karichbn ga wikipedia org Iarmhairt cheaptha teasa karichbn hu wikipedia org Portal Klimavaltozas karichbn it wikipedia org Radiazioni a onde lunghe in uscita karichbn ko wikipedia org 사용자 Lhs1219 지구 온난화 dukarichthwolkephimetimkhxngiflnikhxmulekiywkbphaph phaphnimikhxmulephimetim sungswnihymacakklxngdicitxlhruxsaeknenxrthisamarthekbkhxmuldngklawiwrwmkbphaphid thaphaphnithukprbprungaekikhhruxepliynaeplngcakedim khxmulbangxyangcayngkhngimepliynaeplngehmuxnphaphthithukprbprungaekikhnnkhwamkwang750khwamsung577 ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org wiki ifl Greenhouse Effect svg, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
