ความแตกต่างระหว่างกระบอกฉีดยาชนิด high dead space syringe (HDSS) และ low dead space syringe ถูกกำหนดโดยปริมาณเฉลี่ยของของเหลวที่ไม่สามารถขับออกจากอุปกรณ์ได้ แม้ว่าจะไม่มีมาตรฐานที่กำหนดไว้สำหรับกระบอกฉีดยาชนิดปริมาณคงค้างในหัวเข็มและปลายหลอดฉีดยาต่ำ แต่ก็เป็นรูปแบบเข็มฉีดยาหรือกระบอกฉีดยาที่เบี่ยงเบนไปจากการออกแบบเข็มและกระบอกฉีดยามาตรฐานโดยมีการลดพื้นที่ที่ยาสามารถคงค้างในกระบอกฉีดภายหลังการใช้งานลง
เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับ low dead space syringe กระบอกฉีดยาชนิดปริมาณคงค้างในหัวเข็มและปลายหลอดฉีดยาสูง หมายถึงการออกแบบเข็มและกระบอกฉีดยาแบบธรรมดา คำว่า "high dead space" หมายถึงของเหลวที่เหลืออยู่ภายในเข็มและระหว่างด้ามเข็มที่สวมติดกับปลายกระบอกฉีดยากับลูกสูบ ช่องนี้ในกระบอกฉีดยาทั่วไปมีปริมาตรได้สูงถึง 84 ไมโครลิตร กระบอกฉีดยาชนิดปริมาณคงค้างในหัวเข็มและปลายหลอดฉีดยาสูงแบบธรรมดา เริ่มมีมาตั้งแต่การผลิตเข็มฉีดยาพลาสติกที่มีเข็มถอดออกได้ในปี พ.ศ. 2504
Bobashev, Georgiy V.; Zule, William A. (2010). Modeling the effect of high dead‐space syringes on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among injecting drug users. Addiction, 105 (8). pp.1439–1447. PMID 20528817.
↑ Bobashev (2010). Modeling the effect of high dead‐space syringes on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among injecting drug users. Addiction, 105 (8). pp. 1439–1447. ISSN 0965-2140.
Mary Bellis (2019-03-03). "Why the Invention of the Syringe Was a Game Changer". ThoughtCo.
↑ Strauss K, van Zundert A, Frid A, Costigliola V. (May 2006). "Pandemic influenza preparedness: the critical role of the syringe". Erembodegem-Dorp 86, European Medical Association Vaccine. 24 (22). pp. 4874–82. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02.056.
↑ Bhambhani (2005). Inadvertent overdosing of neonates as a result of the dead space of the syringe hub and needle. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 90 (5). pp. F444–5. ISSN 1359-2998.
Trickey, A., May, M. T., Hope, V., Ward, Z., Desai, M., Heinsbroek, E., . . . Vickerman, P. (November 2018). Usage of low dead space syringes and association with hepatitis C prevalence amongst people who inject drugs in the UK. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 192, 118-124. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.041.
Howard-Jones, N. (Spring 1947). A Critical Study of the Origins and Early Development of Hypodermic Medication. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 2 (2). pp. 201–49. doi:10.1093/jhmas/ii.2.201.
"WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users – 2012 revision" (PDF). WHO. 2012. ISBN978-92-4-150437-9.
"Guidance on prevention of viral hepatitis B and C among people who inject drugs" (PDF). WHO. 2012. ISBN978-92-4-150404-1.
Rannou, M. Lheureux, N. Prangere, T. Legrand, J. Huglo, D. (2012). Absorption of radiopharmaceuticals to plastic syringes: Measurement and consequences. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 39. pp. S528-S529. doi:10.1007/s00259-012-2227-4.
Zule, William A.; Cross, Harry E.; Stover, John; Pretorius, Carel (2013). Low dead space syringes. International Journal of Drug Policy. 24 (1). pp. 21–22. ISSN 0955-3959.
Vickerman (2013). Could low dead-space syringes really reduce HIV transmission to low levels?. International Journal of Drug Policy. 24 (1). pp. 8–14. ISSN 0955-3959.
สิงหาคม 17, 2021
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xyangirktamphuesnxxangwakrabxkchidyachnidprimankhngkhanginhwekhmaelaplayhlxdchidyatayngkhngepneruxngyakthiphuchidyainpraethsdngklawcahamaidaelahlaykhnthiichkrabxkchidyachnidni yngkhngichkrabxkchidyachnidprimankhngkhanginhwekhmaelaplayhlxdchidyasungrwmdwy sungthaihxtrakartidechuximldlng 11 12 xangxing aekikh Bobashev Georgiy V Zule William A 2010 Modeling the effect of high dead space syringes on the human immunodeficiency virus HIV epidemic among injecting drug users Addiction 105 8 pp 1439 1447 PMID 20528817 2 0 2 1 2 2 Bobashev 2010 Modeling the effect of high dead space syringes on the human immunodeficiency virus HIV epidemic among injecting drug users Addiction 105 8 pp 1439 1447 ISSN 0965 2140 Mary Bellis 2019 03 03 Why the Invention of the Syringe Was a Game Changer ThoughtCo 4 0 4 1 4 2 Strauss K van Zundert A Frid A Costigliola V May 2006 Pandemic influenza preparedness the critical role of the syringe Erembodegem Dorp 86 European Medical Association Vaccine 24 22 pp 4874 82 doi 10 1016 j vaccine 2006 02 056 5 0 5 1 Bhambhani 2005 Inadvertent overdosing of neonates as a result of the dead space of the syringe hub and needle Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal and Neonatal Edition 90 5 pp F444 5 ISSN 1359 2998 Trickey A May M T Hope V Ward Z Desai M Heinsbroek E Vickerman P November 2018 Usage of low dead space syringes and association with hepatitis C prevalence amongst people who inject drugs in the UK Drug and Alcohol Dependence 192 118 124 doi 10 1016 j drugalcdep 2018 07 041 Howard Jones N Spring 1947 A Critical Study of the Origins and Early Development of Hypodermic Medication Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 2 2 pp 201 49 doi 10 1093 jhmas ii 2 201 WHO UNODC UNAIDS technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention treatment and care for injecting drug users 2012 revision PDF WHO 2012 ISBN 978 92 4 150437 9 Guidance on prevention of viral hepatitis B and C among people who inject drugs PDF WHO 2012 ISBN 978 92 4 150404 1 Rannou M Lheureux N Prangere T Legrand J Huglo D 2012 Absorption of radiopharmaceuticals to plastic syringes Measurement and consequences European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 39 pp S528 S529 doi 10 1007 s00259 012 2227 4 Zule William A Cross Harry E Stover John Pretorius Carel 2013 Low dead space syringes International Journal of Drug Policy 24 1 pp 21 22 ISSN 0955 3959 Vickerman 2013 Could low dead space syringes really reduce HIV transmission to low levels International Journal of Drug Policy 24 1 pp 8 14 ISSN 0955 3959 ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title krabxkchidyachnidprimankhngkhanginhwekhmaelaplayhlxdchidyata amp oldid 9420904, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,