↑ Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970–1979". Forced Migration and Mortality. National Academies Press. pp. 102–105. ISBN9780309073349. As best as can now be estimated, over two million Cambodians died during the 1970s because of the political events of the decade, the vast majority of them during the mere four years of the 'Khmer Rouge' regime. This number of deaths is even more staggering when related to the size of the Cambodian population, then less than eight million. ... Subsequent reevaluations of the demographic data situated the death toll for the [civil war] in the order of 300,000 or less.
Kiernan, Ben (2003). "The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia: The Death Tolls in Cambodia, 1975–79, and East Timor, 1975–80". Critical Asian Studies. 35 (4): 585–597. doi:10.1080/1467271032000147041. We may safely conclude, from known pre- and post-genocide population figures and from professional demographic calculations, that the 1975-79 death toll was between 1.671 and 1.871 million people, 21 to 24 percent of Cambodia's 1975 population.
↑ Locard, Henri (March 2005). "State Violence in Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979) and Retribution (1979–2004)". European Review of History. 12 (1): 121–143. doi:10.1080/13507480500047811. Between 17 April 1975 and 7 January 1979 the death toll was about 25% of a population of some 7.8 million; 33.5% of men were massacred or died unnatural deaths as against 15.7% of the women, and 41.9% of the population of Phnom Penh. ... Since 1979, the so-called Pol Pot regime has been equated to Hitler and the Nazis. This is why the word 'genocide' (associated with Nazism) has been used for the first time in a distinctly Communist regime by the invading Vietnamese to distance themselves from a government they had overturned. This 'revisionism' was expressed in several ways. The Khmer Rouge were said to have killed 3.3 million, some 1.3 million more people than they had in fact killed. There was one abominable state prison, S–21, now the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum. In fact, there were more than 150 on the same model, at least one per district. ... For the United States in particular, denouncing the crimes of the Khmer Rouge was not at the top of their agenda in the early 1980s. Instead, as in the case of Afghanistan, it was still at times vital to counter what was perceived as the expansionist policies of the Soviets. The USA prioritised its budding friendship with the Democratic Republic of China to counter the 'evil' influence of the USSR in Southeast Asia, acting through its client state, revolutionary Vietnam. All the ASEAN countries shared that vision. So it became vital, with the military and financial help of China, to revive and develop armed resistance to the Vietnamese troops, with the resurrected KR at its core. ... [France] was instrumental in forcing the Sihanoukists and the Republicans to form an obscene alliance with its former tormentors, the KR, under the name of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) in 1982. In so doing, the international community officially reintegrated some of the worst perpetrators of crimes against humanity into the world diplomatic sphere...
Chandler, David P. (2018-02-02). Brother Number One: A Political Biography Of Pol Pot. Routledge. ISBN978-0-429-98161-6.
"China's Aid Emboldens Cambodia | YaleGlobal Online". yaleglobal.yale.edu. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2019-11-26.
"The Chinese Communist Party's Relationship with the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s: An Ideological Victory and a Strategic Failure". Wilson Center. 2018-12-13. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2019-11-26.
Hood, Steven J. (1990). "Beijing's Cambodia Gamble and the Prospects for Peace in Indochina: The Khmer Rouge or Sihanouk?". Asian Survey. 30 (10): 977–991. doi:10.2307/2644784. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644784.
↑ Levin, Dan (2015-03-30). "China Is Urged to Confront Its Own History". New York Times. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2019-11-26.
Kiernan, Ben (October 2008). The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79. Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-14299-0.
Laura, Southgate (2019-05-08). ASEAN Resistance to Sovereignty Violation: Interests, Balancing and the Role of the Vanguard State. Policy Press. ISBN978-1-5292-0221-2.
. Documentation Center of Cambodia. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 2016-03-26. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-06-06. Through interviews and physical exploration, DC-Cam identified 19,733 mass burial pits, 196 prisons that operated during the Democratic Kampuchea (DK) period, and 81 memorials constructed by survivors of the DK regime.
Kiernan, Ben (2014). The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–79. Yale University Press. p. 464. ISBN9780300142990. Like all but seven of the twenty thousand Tuol Sleng prisoners, she was murdered anyway.
Landsiedel, Peter, "The Killing Fields: Genocide in Cambodia", ‘’P&E World Tour’’, 27 March 2017. Accessed 17 March 2019
Southerland, D (2006-07-20). "Cambodia Diary 6: Child Soldiers — Driven by Fear and Hate". สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-03-28.
การฆ, าล, างเผ, าพ, นธ, ชาวเขมร, เขมร, យនភ, ពខ, หร, រប, រល, យព, ជស, សន, ฝร, งเศส, génocide, cambodgien, กดำเน, นโดยเขมรแดงภายใต, การนำโดยพล, พต, ผล, กด, นก, มพ, ชาอย, างร, นแรงต, อล, ทธ, คอมม, วน, สต, งผลทำให, เส, ยช, านคน, งแต, 1975, 1979, งเป, นจำนวนเก, อบหน. karkhalangephaphnthuchawekhmr ekhmr ហ យនភ ពខ ម រ hrux ក រប រល យព ជស សន ខ ម រ frngess Genocide cambodgien thukdaeninodyekhmraedngphayitkarnaodyphl pht phuphlkdnkmphuchaxyangrunaerngtxlththikhxmmiwnist sngphlthaihmiphuesiychiwit 1 5 2 lankhn tngaetpi kh s 1975 thung kh s 1979 sungepncanwnekuxbhnunginsikhxngprachakrchawkmphuchainpi kh s 1975 praman 7 8 lankhn 1 2 3 karkhalangephaphnthuchawekhmrepnswnhnungkhxngbthbathekhmraednginkmphuchakaohlkkhxngehyuxcakkarkhalangephaphnthuchawekhmrsthanthikmphuchaprachathipitywnthi17 emsayn kh s 1975 7 mkrakhm kh s 1979 3 pi 8 eduxn 20 wn epahmayphunathangthharaelathangkaremuxnginchwngemuxkxnhnakhxngkmphucha phunathurkic nkekhiyn nkeriyn nayaephthy nkkthmay chawphuthth chawcam chawkmphuchaechuxsaycin chawkhrist pyyachn chawkmphuchaechuxsayithy chawkmphuchaechuxsayewiydnampraephthphnthukhat classicide politicide karlangchatiphnthu wisamykhatkrrm karthrman khwamxdxyak karbngkhbichaerngngan karthdlxngkbmnusy karbngkhbbukhkhlihsuyhay karenreths xachyakrrmtxmnusychatitay1 5 thung 2 lankhn 1 phukxkarekhmraedngehtucungictxtansasnaphuthth khwamrusuktxtanchawcam lththichnchn txtansasnakhrist txtanpyyachn khwamrusuktxtanchawithy khwamrusuktxtanchawewiydnam xakarklwxislam lththichatiniymekhmrxyangrunaerng xakarklwcin lththimaks elnin lththiehmaphl phtaelaekhmraedngidrbkarsnbsnuncakphrrkhkhxmmiwnistcin CPC aelaehma ecxtngmachanan 4 5 6 7 8 9 mikarkhadkarnwaxyangnxy 90 khxngkhwamchwyehluxcaktangpraethsaekekhmraedngmacakcin odyinpi kh s 1975 miephiyngxyangediywthiaesdngihehnwacanwnenginxyangnxy 1 landxllarshrthinkhwamchwyehluxdanesrsthkicaelakarthharcakcinodyplxddxkebiy 9 10 11 phayhlngcakidyudxanacineduxnemsayn kh s 1975 ekhmraedngtxngkarthicaepliynpraethsihklayepnsatharnrthekstrkrrmsngkhmniym sungkxtngkhuntamnoybaylththiehmaxyangrunaerngaelaidrbxiththiphlmacakkarptiwtithangwthnthrrm 12 13 14 15 phl phtaelaecahnathiekhmraedngkhnxun idekhaphbkbprathanehmaxyangepnthangkarthikrungpkking emuxeduxnmithunayn kh s 1975 sungidrbkarxnumtiaelakhaaenana inkhnathiecahnathiradbsungkhxngphrrrkhkhxmmiwnistcin echn cang chunechiyw idedinthangmaeyuxnkmphuchainphayhlngephuxihkhwamchwyehlux 16 ephuxbrrluepahmaydngklaw ekhmraedngidthaihemuxngwangeplaaelabngkhbihchawkmphuchayayiptngkhayaerngnganinchnbththimikarpraharchiwithmu kareknthbngkhbichaerngngan kartharayrangkay khwamxdxyakhiwohy aelaekidorkhrabad 17 18 phwkekhaerimtndwy maha lout ploh sungepnkarlxkeliynaebbnoybaykarkawkraoddiklipkhanghnakhxngcinthikxihekidkaresiychiwitkwasiblankhninthuphphikkhphycinihy 19 20 inpi kh s 1976 ekhmraedngidepliynpraethsepnkmphuchaprachathipityineduxnmkrakhm kh s 1979 prachakrcanwn 1 5 thung 2 lankhn esiychiwitenuxngcaknoybaykhxngekhmraedng rwmthngchawkmphuchaechuxsaycincanwn 200 000 300 000 khn chawmuslim 90 000 khn aelachawkmphuchaechuxsayewiydnam 20 000 khn 21 22 chayekhmresiychiwit 33 5 aelahyingekhmresiychiwit 15 7 emuxethiybkbcanwnprachakrpi kh s 1975 3 miprachakr 20 000 khnidekhakhukeruxncakhwammnkhngthi 21 hnungineruxnca 196 aehngthiekhmrdaeninkar 3 23 aelamiephiyngphuihyecdkhnethannthirxdchiwit 24 nkothscathuknatwipthithungsnghar sungphwkekhacathukpraharchiwit sungmkcaichdwyxietx ephuxepnkarprahydkrasun 25 aelathukfngiwinhlumsphhmu mikarlkphatwaelaplukfngkhwamkhidtxedksungepnthiaephrhlay aelamihlaykhnthukchknahruxthukbngkhbihkxkrathatharunkrrm 26 inpi kh s 2009 sunyrwbrwmexksaraehngkmphucha The Documentation Center of Cambodia DC Cam idthaaephnthihlumfngsphhmucanwn 23 745 hlum sungmicanwnpraman 1 3 lankhnkhxngehyuxthitxngsngsywathukpraharchiwit odyechuxknwakarpraharchiwitodytrngnnmisdswnthung 60 khxngcanwnphuesiychiwitthnghmdkhxngkarkhalangephaphnthu 27 kbehyuxrayxun thiprasbkhwamxdxyakhiwohy hruxpwydwyorkhrabadkarkhalangephaphnthukhrngnikxihekidkarrwihlkhrngthisxngkhxngphuliphy sunghlaykhnidhlbhniipyngpraethsephuxnbanxyangewiydnam aelarxnglngmakhuxithy 28 karbukkhrxngkmphuchakhxngewiydnamthuxepncudsinsudlngkhxngkarkhalangephaphnthudwykhwamprachykhxngekhmraedng ineduxnmkrakhm kh s 1979 29 emuxwnthi 2 mkrakhm kh s 2001 rthbalkmphuchaidcdtngsalkhdiekhmraedngephuxphicarnakhditxsmachikphunaekhmraedngthimiswnrbphidchxbtxkarkhalangephaphnthuchawekhmr karphicarnakhdiiderimtnkhuninwnthi 17 kumphaphnth kh s 2009 30 emuxwnthi 7 singhakhm kh s 2014 nwn eciyaelaekhiyw smphnthuksaltdsinwamikhwamphidaelathukcakhukkhlxdchiwitdwykhxhaxachyakrrmtxmnusychatiinchwngkarkhalangephaphnthu 31 epnsingthinaklwmakxangxing aekikh 1 0 1 1 Heuveline Patrick 2001 The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises The Case of Cambodia 1970 1979 Forced Migration and Mortality National Academies Press pp 102 105 ISBN 9780309073349 As best as can now be estimated over two million Cambodians died during the 1970s because of the political events of the decade the vast majority of them during the mere four years of the Khmer Rouge regime This number of deaths is even more staggering when related to the size of the Cambodian population then less than eight million Subsequent reevaluations of the demographic data situated the death toll for the civil war in the order of 300 000 or less Kiernan Ben 2003 The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia The Death Tolls in Cambodia 1975 79 and East Timor 1975 80 Critical Asian Studies 35 4 585 597 doi 10 1080 1467271032000147041 We may safely conclude from known pre and post genocide population figures and from professional demographic calculations that the 1975 79 death toll was between 1 671 and 1 871 million people 21 to 24 percent of Cambodia s 1975 population 3 0 3 1 3 2 Locard Henri March 2005 State Violence in Democratic Kampuchea 1975 1979 and Retribution 1979 2004 European Review of History 12 1 121 143 doi 10 1080 13507480500047811 Between 17 April 1975 and 7 January 1979 the death toll was about 25 of a population of some 7 8 million 33 5 of men were massacred or died unnatural deaths as against 15 7 of the women and 41 9 of the population of Phnom Penh Since 1979 the so called Pol Pot regime has been equated to Hitler and the Nazis This is why the word genocide associated with Nazism has been used for the first time in a distinctly Communist regime by the invading Vietnamese to distance themselves from a government they had overturned This revisionism was expressed in several ways The Khmer Rouge were said to have killed 3 3 million some 1 3 million more people than they had in fact killed There was one abominable state prison S 21 now the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum In fact there were more than 150 on the same model at least one per district For the United States in particular denouncing the crimes of the Khmer Rouge was not at the top of their agenda in the early 1980s Instead as in the case of Afghanistan it was still at times vital to counter what was perceived as the expansionist policies of the Soviets The USA prioritised its budding friendship with the Democratic Republic of China to counter the evil influence of the USSR in Southeast Asia acting through its client state revolutionary Vietnam All the ASEAN countries shared that vision So it became vital with the military and financial help of China to revive and develop armed resistance to the Vietnamese troops with the resurrected KR at its core France was instrumental in forcing the Sihanoukists and the Republicans to form an obscene alliance with its former tormentors the KR under the name of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea CGDK in 1982 In so doing the international community officially reintegrated some of the worst perpetrators of crimes against humanity into the world diplomatic sphere Chandler David P 2018 02 02 Brother Number One A Political Biography Of Pol Pot Routledge ISBN 978 0 429 98161 6 China s Aid Emboldens Cambodia YaleGlobal Online yaleglobal yale edu subkhnemux 2019 11 26 The Chinese Communist Party s Relationship with the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s An Ideological Victory and a Strategic Failure Wilson Center 2018 12 13 subkhnemux 2019 11 26 Hood Steven J 1990 Beijing s Cambodia Gamble and the Prospects for Peace in Indochina The Khmer Rouge or Sihanouk Asian Survey 30 10 977 991 doi 10 2307 2644784 ISSN 0004 4687 JSTOR 2644784 China Cambodia Relations www rfa org subkhnemux 2019 11 26 9 0 9 1 Levin Dan 2015 03 30 China Is Urged to Confront Its Own History New York Times subkhnemux 2019 11 26 Kiernan Ben October 2008 The Pol Pot Regime Race Power and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge 1975 79 Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 14299 0 Laura Southgate 2019 05 08 ASEAN Resistance to Sovereignty Violation Interests Balancing and the Role of the Vanguard State Policy Press ISBN 978 1 5292 0221 2 波尔布特 并不遥远的教训 phasacin 炎黄春秋 subkhnemux 2019 11 23 Jackson Karl D 1989 Cambodia 1975 1978 Rendezvous with Death Princeton University Press p 219 ISBN 978 0 691 02541 4 Ervin Staub The roots of evil the origins of genocide and other group violence Cambridge University Press 1989 p 202 David Chandler amp Ben Kiernan b k 1983 Revolution and its Aftermath New Haven Wang Youqin 2016 张春桥幽灵 PDF The University of Chicago phasacin Etcheson 2005 p 119 Heuveline 1998 pp 49 65 How Red China Supported the Brutal Khmer Rouge Vision Times 2018 01 28 subkhnemux 2019 11 26 Chandler David 2018 05 04 A History of Cambodia Routledge ISBN 978 0 429 96406 0 Philip Spencer 2012 Genocide Since 1945 p 69 ISBN 9780415606349 华侨忆红色高棉屠杀 有文化的华人必死 history people com cn phasacin 2014 04 25 subkhnemux 2019 11 27 Mapping the Killing Fields Documentation Center of Cambodia khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux 2016 03 26 subkhnemux 2018 06 06 Through interviews and physical exploration DC Cam identified 19 733 mass burial pits 196 prisons that operated during the Democratic Kampuchea DK period and 81 memorials constructed by survivors of the DK regime Kiernan Ben 2014 The Pol Pot Regime Race Power and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge 1975 79 Yale University Press p 464 ISBN 9780300142990 Like all but seven of the twenty thousand Tuol Sleng prisoners she was murdered anyway Landsiedel Peter The Killing Fields Genocide in Cambodia P amp E World Tour 27 March 2017 Accessed 17 March 2019 Southerland D 2006 07 20 Cambodia Diary 6 Child Soldiers Driven by Fear and Hate subkhnemux 2018 03 28 Seybolt Aronson amp Fischoff 2013 p 238 State of the World s Refugees 2000 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees p 92 accessed 21 January 2019 Mayersan 2013 p 182 Mendes 2011 p 13 Judgement in Case 002 01 to be pronounced on 7 August 2014 Drupal www eccc gov kh subkhnemux 2019 11 29 bthkhwamekiywkbprawtisastrniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodyephimkhxmul duephimthi sthaniyxy prawtisastrekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title karkhalangephaphnthuchawekhmr amp oldid 9507722, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
