Forbes, Bruce David (2007). Christmas: A Candid History. University of California Press. p. 54. With Arab influence remaining among the Spanish population, Sinter Klaas had a Moorish assistant named Zwarte Piet, or Black Peter, an orphan who was pictured at times wearing a turban and a golden earring. Alternative explanations for his dark skin were that it was soot, from sliding down chimneys, or that he was a representation of the devil, who Saint Nicholas was able to conquer and force into his service. In annual observances over the years, Zwarte Piet was portrayed by a person in black face, and today some cultural commentators have criticized the legends and representations of Black Peter for racial stereotyping.
"Sinterklaas rituelen en tradities". jefdejager.nl. สืบค้นเมื่อ 19 November 2013.
Carleton, Marie-Helene. "Zwarte Piet: Black Pete is 'Dutch racism in full display'". www.aljazeera.com. Protesters have rallied against the Dutch blackface tradition
"Dutch Zwarte Piet reignites blackface debate | DW | 16.11.2019". DW.COM. Zwarte Pieten ... who are played by white people in full blackface
"This notorious Christmas character is dividing a country". National Geographic News. 6 December 2018. Zwarte Piet ... who usually appears as a blackface character
Henley, Jon (18 September 2019). "Dutch Saint Nicholas parade to replace blackface with 'sooty faces'" – โดยทาง www.theguardian.com. Zwarte Piet, Sinterklaas’s helper, has traditionally been portrayed by adults wearing gaudy costumes, large gold earrings, afro-style wigs, red lipstick and full blackface makeup
"So Long, Black Pete : Rough Translation". NPR.org.
Leopold, Todd. "'Blackface': Dutch holiday tradition or racism?". CNN. Black Peter, a goofy, singing, candy-giving Renaissance-clad figure in blackface
ซวาร, เตอป, ระว, งส, บสนก, ซวาร, ตช, zwarte, piet, ออกเส, ยง, ˈzʋɑrtə, ˈpit, แปลว, ตดำ, ฟร, เช, ยตะว, นตก, swarte, กเซมเบ, schwaarze, péiter, นโดน, เซ, hitam, เป, นค, ของน, กบ, ญน, โคล, ตช, sinterklaas, ฟร, เช, ยตะว, นตก, sinteklaas, กเซมเบ, kleeschen, นโดน, เ. rawngsbsnkb phit swart swaretxpit dtch Zwarte Piet xxkesiyng ˈzʋɑrte ˈpit aeplwa phitda friechiytawntk Swarte Pyt lkesmebirk Schwaarze Peiter xinodniesiy Pit Hitam epnkhuhukhxngnkbuyniokhls dtch Sinterklaas friechiytawntk Sinteklaas lkesmebirk Kleeschen xinodniesiy Sinterklas inkhtichnklumpraethsaephndinta phaphaerksudethathithrabkhxngswaretxpitmacakhnngsuxkhxngyn aechngkmn Jan Schenkman khrucakxmsetxrdmin kh s 1850 sungwadtwlakhrniepnchaychawmwrphiwdacaksepn 1 tamkhtichnnn phiwkhxngswaretxpitthukekhmacbcnepnsidakhnalngipinplxngifephuxmxbkhxngkhwyaekphukhn 2 3 phuthirbbthepnswaretxpitmkthahnadaaelaaetngkaytamaefchnsmyfunfusilpwithyadwysichudchad rwmthngswmwikphmhyikaelathalipstikaedngswang 4 5 6 7 8 9 twlakhrniklayepnhnunginpraednkarthkethiynginchwngimkipithiphanmaswaretxpitxangxing aekikh Forbes Bruce David 2007 Christmas A Candid History University of California Press p 54 With Arab influence remaining among the Spanish population Sinter Klaas had a Moorish assistant named Zwarte Piet or Black Peter an orphan who was pictured at times wearing a turban and a golden earring Alternative explanations for his dark skin were that it was soot from sliding down chimneys or that he was a representation of the devil who Saint Nicholas was able to conquer and force into his service In annual observances over the years Zwarte Piet was portrayed by a person in black face and today some cultural commentators have criticized the legends and representations of Black Peter for racial stereotyping De oudst bekende naam van Zwarte Piet Pieter me knecht 1850 1850 khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux October 30 2013 subkhnemux 2021 04 07 Sinterklaas rituelen en tradities jefdejager nl subkhnemux 19 November 2013 Carleton Marie Helene Zwarte Piet Black Pete is Dutch racism in full display www aljazeera com Protesters have rallied against the Dutch blackface tradition Dutch Zwarte Piet reignites blackface debate DW 16 11 2019 DW COM Zwarte Pieten who are played by white people in full blackface This notorious Christmas character is dividing a country National Geographic News 6 December 2018 Zwarte Piet who usually appears as a blackface character Henley Jon 18 September 2019 Dutch Saint Nicholas parade to replace blackface with sooty faces odythang www theguardian com Zwarte Piet Sinterklaas s helper has traditionally been portrayed by adults wearing gaudy costumes large gold earrings afro style wigs red lipstick and full blackface makeup So Long Black Pete Rough Translation NPR org Leopold Todd Blackface Dutch holiday tradition or racism CNN Black Peter a goofy singing candy giving Renaissance clad figure in blackface brrnanukrm aekikh Bas Marcel 2013 Zwarte Piet discriminerend of fascinerend Aspekt Uitgeverij ISBN 978 9461534095 khxmmxns miphaphaelasuxekiywkb swaretxpit ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title swaretxpit amp oldid 9520997, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
