local p = {}  local function escape(str)  return str:gsub("[|\\]", function (c) return string.format("\\%03d", c:byte()) end) end  local function unescape(str)  return str:gsub("\\(%d%d%d)", function (d) return string.char(d) end) end  -- Implements [[Template:Item]] function p.pack(frame)  local parent = frame:getParent()  local result = ''  for key, value in pairs(parent.args) do  result = result .. "|" .. escape(tostring(key)) .. "|" .. escape(value)  end  return result .. "|"; end  local function unpack(str)  local result = { }  for key, value in str:gfind("|([^|]*)|([^|]*)") do  result[unescape(key)] = unescape(value)  end  return result end  -- Implements [[Template:Component]] function p.component(frame)  return unpack(frame.args[1])[frame.args[2]] end  local function getItems(frame)  return frame:getParent().args end  local function invert(tbl)  local result = { }  for key, value in pairs(tbl) do  result[value] = key  end  return result end  -- Add args into item as appropriate (see [[Template:Format item]]) local function addArgs(  item, -- unpacked item to modify  args, -- arguments for adding into item  ignore, -- pass in invert{keys to ignore}  shift -- for numbered arguments, args[key+shift] is assigned to item[key]  -- returns: item )  for key, value in pairs(args) do  if not ignore[key] then  local _, _, paramKey = string.find(key, "^param (.*)")  local _, _, importantKey = string.find(key, "^important (.*)")  paramKey = paramKey or importantKey or key  if shift and type(paramKey) == "number" then  paramKey = paramKey - shift  if paramKey < 1 then paramKey = nil end  end  if paramKey and (importantKey or item[paramKey] == nil) then  item[paramKey] = value  end  end  end   return item end  -- Implements [[Template:Format item]] function p.format(frame)  local args = frame:getParent().args  local ignore = invert{ "template", "item" }  local templateArgs = addArgs(unpack(args.item), args, ignore)   return frame:expandTemplate{ title = args.template, args = templateArgs } end  -- See [[Template:Item#Format each item using a template]] function p.each(frame)  local args = frame.args  local items = getItems(frame)  local separator = args[1] or ""  local prepend = args[2] or ""  local append = args[3] or ""  local ignore = invert{ "template" }  local shift = 3   local result = ""  for i, item in ipairs(items) do  local templateArgs = addArgs(unpack(item), args, ignore, shift)  result = result .. prepend .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = args.template, args = templateArgs } .. append  if items[i + 1] then  result = result .. separator  end  end  return result end  -- See [[Template:Item#Gather given parameter from all items]] function p.gather(frame)  local args = frame.args  local items = getItems(frame)  local parameter = args.parameter or "1"   local templateArgs = { }  for i, item in ipairs(items) do  templateArgs[i] = unpack(item)[parameter]  end   return frame:expandTemplate{ title = args.template, args = templateArgs } end  return p