วิกิพีเดีย
รายพระนามเทวดาเจอร์แมนิก
บทความนี้อาจต้องการตรวจสอบต้นฉบับ การทับศัพท์ภาษาสวีเดนหรือภาษานอร์สโบราณอาจบกพร่อง คุณสามารถช่วยพัฒนาบทความได้ |
ในลัทธิเพเกินเจอร์แมนิก ศาสนาพื้นเมืองของกลุ่มชนเจอร์แมนิกโบราณซึ่งอยู่อาศัยในเจอร์แมนิกยุโรป มีเทวดาหลายพระองค์ บทความนี้เสนอรายการครอบคลุมของเทวดาเหล่านี้
เทพเจ้า
| ชื่อ | ความหมายของชื่อ | ชายา หรือคู่รัก | Attested children | Attestations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| บัลเดอร์, Baldr (ภาษานอร์สโบราณ), Bældæg (ภาษาอังกฤษเก่า) | รูปคำในภาษานอร์สยังเป็นที่ถกเถียง ส่วนรูปคำในภาษาอังกฤษโบราณสามารถแปลได้ว่า "วันที่มีแสงเจิดจรัส" | แนนนา | ฟอร์เซติ | ไสยเวทย์เมิร์สเบิร์ก, บทกวีเอ็ดดา, บทร้อยแก้วเอ็ดดา, เกสตา-ดาโนรุม, ลำดับการณ์เร็ธเรนส์, Beowulf |
| บรากิ (นอร์สโบราณ: Bragi) | มีรากศัพท์ร่วมกับ Bragr ("บทกวี") | อีดุนน์ (Iðunn) | ไม่ปรากฏชัด | บทกวีเอ็ดดา, บทร้อยแก้วเอ็ดดา, บทกวีสคัลดิก |
| เดลลิงก์ (นอร์สโบราณ: Dellingr) | "วันฤดูใบไม้ผลิ" or "ผู้มีแสงเจิดจ้า" | น็อตต์ (Nótt) | ดาก (Dagr) | บทกวีเอ็ดดา, บทร้อยแก้วเอ็ดดา |
| ฟอร์เซติ (นอร์โบราณ: Forseti) | "ผู้เป็นประธาน" | ไม่ปรากฏชัด | ไม่ปรากฏชัด | บทกวีเอ็ดดา, บทร้อยแก้วเอ็ดดา |
| เฟรย์, Freyr (นอร์สโบราณ), Frea (อังกฤษเก่า), Yngvi (นอร์สโบราณ), Ing (อังกฤษเก่า) | "Lord" | เฟรยา (Freyja), เกิร์ด (Gerðr) | Fjölnir (Heimskringla) | Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum, บทกวีเอ็ดดา, บทร้อยแก้วเอ็ดดา, Heimskringla, Ögmundar þáttr dytts, เกสตา-ดาโนรุม, various others |
| เฮมดาลร์, Heimdallr (Old Norse) | "World-brightener" | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda, Poetic Edda |
| เฮอร์มอดร์, Hermóðr (Old Norse), Heremod (Old English) | "War-spirit" | None attested | Sceaf (Old English only) | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Beowulf, Old English royal genealogies |
| ฮ็อดร์, Höðr (Old Norse) | "Warrior" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum, Chronicon Lethrense, Annales Lundenses, possibly Beowulf |
| Hœnir (Old Norse) | Contested | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry |
| Lóðurr (Old Norse) | Contested | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, skaldic poetry |
| Loki (Old Norse) | Contested | Sigyn, Angrboda | Nari/Narfi, Váli, Fenrir, Hel, Jormungandr, and Sleipnir | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Heimskringla, Loka Táttur, Norwegian rune poem, Danish folk tales |
| Máni (Old Norse) | "Moon" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Mímir (Old Norse) | "Rememberer" | None attested | Sons, unnamed | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Meili (Old Norse) | "the lovely one" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Njörðr (Old Norse) | Contested | Once unnamed sister, once Skaði | Freyr, Freyja | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Heimskringla, Egils saga, Hauksbók ring oath, place names |
| โอดิน: Óðinn (ภาษาเยอรมันเหนือ), Wōden (เยอรมันตะวันตก), *Wōðanaz (ภาษาเยอรมันดั้งเดิม) | "ความบ้าคลั่ง" | Frigg (consort), Skaði (Heimskringla only), Gunnlöð, Jörð, Rindr | See Sons of Odin | Most attestations of Germanic paganism |
| Óðr (Old Norse) | "The frenzied one" | Freyja | Hnoss, Gersemi | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Saxnōt (Old Saxon), Seaxnet, Seaxnēat, Saxnat (Old English) | Contested | None attested | None attested | Old Saxon Baptismal Vow, Old English royal genealogies |
| Thor: Þórr (North Germanic), Þunor (Old English), Thunaer (Old Saxon), Donar (Southern Germanic areas) | "Thunder", all names stem from Proto-Germanic *ÞunraR | Sif (consort), Járnsaxa | Móði and Magni, Þrúðr | Most attestations of Germanic paganism |
| Týr (Old Norse), Tīw, Tīg (both Old English), Ziu (Old High German) | "God", derived from Proto-Germanic *Tīwaz | Unnamed, possibly Zisa | Seaxnot | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry, Hadrian's Wall altar |
| Ullr (Old Norse) | Something like "Glory" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry, Gesta Danorum, Thorsberg chape, toponyms in Norway and Sweden |
| Váli (Old Norse) | "Chosen" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum (as Bous) |
| Viðarr (Old Norse) | Possibly "wide ruler" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Vé (Old Norse) | Vé | Possibly Frigg | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Vili (Old Norse) | "Will" | Possibly Frigg | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
เทพธิดา
| Name | Name meaning | Attested consorts and sexual partners | Attested children | Attestations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baduhenna (Latinized Germanic) | Badu-, may be cognate to Proto-Germanic *badwa- meaning "battle." The second portion of the name -henna may be related to -henae, which appears commonly in the names of matrons. | None attested | None attested | Tacitus' Annals |
| Bil (Old Norse) | Contested | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda |
| Beyla (Old Norse) | Proposed as related to "cow," "bean," or "bee." | Byggvir | None attested | Poetic Edda |
| Eir (Old Norse) | "Peace, clemency" or "help, mercy" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Ēostre (Old English) | "East" | None attested | None attested | De temporum ratione |
| เฟรยา, Freyja (Old Norse) | "Lady" | Freyr, Óðr | Hnoss, Gersemi | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Heimskringla, Sörla þáttr |
| Frigg (Old Norse) | Derived from an Indo-European root meaning "Love" | Odin (consort), Vili, Vé | Baldr | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum, Historia Langobardorum |
| Fulla (Old Norse) | Possibly "bountiful" | None attested | None attested | Merseburg Incantations, Prose Edda |
| Gefjun (Old Norse) | Related to "giving" | Skjöldr, unnamed jötunn | Four oxen | Prose Edda, Ynglinga saga, Völsa þáttr, |
| Gersemi (Old Norse) | "Treasure, precious object" | None attested | None attested | Heimskringla |
| Gerðr (Old Norse) | "Fenced in" | Freyr | Fjölnir (Heimskringla) | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Heimskringla |
| Gná (Old Norse) | Possibly related to Old Norse Gnæfa, meaning "to project" | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda |
| Gullveig (Old Norse) | Contested | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda |
| Hariasa | Possibly related to the valkyrie name Herja or meaning "goddess with lots of hair" | None attested | None attested | Stone from Cologne, Germany (CIL XIII 8185) |
| Hlín (Old Norse) | Possibly related to the Old Norse term hleinir, itself possibly meaning "protects" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Hretha (Old English) | Possibly "the famous" or "the victorious" | None attested | None attested | De temporum ratione |
| Hnoss (Old Norse) | "Treasure" | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda |
| Ilmr (Old Norse) | Potentially related to Old Norse ilmr, a masculine noun meaning "pleasant scent" | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda, skaldic poetry |
| Iðunn (Old Norse) | Possibly "ever young" | Bragi | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Irpa (Old Norse) | Possibly relating to "dark brown" | None attested | None attested | Jómsvíkinga saga, Njáls saga |
| Lofn (Old Norse) | Potentially related to "Praise" | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda |
| Nanna (Old Norse) | Possibly "mother" from nanna, or potentially related to nanþ-, meaning "the daring one" | Baldr | Forseti | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum, Chronicon Lethrense, Setre Comb |
| Nerthus (Latinized Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *Nerthuz) | Latinized form of what Old Norse Njörðr would have looked like around 1 CE. | None attested | None attested | Germania |
| Njörun (Old Norse) | Possibly related to the Norse god Njörðr and the Roman goddess Nerio | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry |
| Rán (Old Norse) | "Theft, robbery" | Ægir | Nine daughters | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Friðþjófs saga hins frœkna |
| Rindr (Old Norse) | Possibly related to *Vrindr | Odin | Váli | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum |
| Sága (Old Norse) | Possibly "to see" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry |
| Sandraudiga (Latinized Germanic) | "She who dyes the sand red." | None attested | None attested | North Brabant stone |
| Sif (Old Norse) | "In-law-relationship" | Thor | Þrúðr, Ullr | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Sigyn (Old Norse) | "Victorious girl-friend" | Loki | Nari, Narfi and/or Váli | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Sinthgunt (Old High German) | Contested | None attested | None attested | Merseburg Incantations |
| Sjöfn (Old Norse) | "Love" | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda |
| Skaði (Old Norse) | Possibly related to Scandia. | Ullr, Odin, once Njörðr. | Sæmingr | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Ynglinga saga |
| Snotra (Old Norse) | "The clever one" | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda |
| Sól (Old Norse), Sunna (Old High German) | "Sun" | Glenr | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Merseburg Incantations | |
| Syn (Old Norse) | "Refusal" | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda |
| Tanfana (Latinized Germanic) | Unknown | None attested | None attested | Germania, Tamfanae sacrum inscription |
| Þrúðr (Old Norse) | "Power" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Karlevi Runestone |
| Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr (Old Norse) | Literally "Þorgerðr Hölgi's Bride" | None attested | Hölgi, possibly others | Jómsvíkinga saga, Njáls saga, Skáldskaparmál, Færeyinga saga |
| Vár (Old Norse) | "Beloved" | None attested | None attested | Poetic Edda, Prose Edda |
| Vör (Old Norse) | Possibly "the careful one" | None attested | None attested | Prose Edda |
| Zisa | Possibly related to *Tiwaz | None attested | Possibly Tyr via linguistic connection | Codex Monac, Codex Emmeran, and Suevicarum rerum scriptores |
เทวดา
- โอดิน (Odin)
- ฟริกกา (Frigga)
- โฮเนียร์ (Honir)
- โลเทอร์ (Lothur)
- ธอร์ (Thor)
- ซีฟ (Sif)
- เฟรย์ (Frey)
- เกอร์ดา (Gerda)
- เฟรยา (Freya)
- บาลเดอร์ (Baldur)
- นันนา (Nanna)
- เทียร์ (Tyr)
- เฮมดอลล์ (Heimdall)
- โฮเดอร์ (Hodur)
- บรากี (Bragi)
- อีดูนา (Iduna)
- แฮร์โมเดอร์ (Hermodur)
- อูลเลอร์ (Uller)
- นอร์นส์ (Norns)
- ฟอร์เซตี (Forseti)
- นเยิร์ด (Njörd)
- สคาดี (Skadi)
- เกฟีโยน (Gefion)
- โลกิ (Loki)
- ซีกีน (Sigyn)
- โอเดอร์ (Odur)
- กูลล์เวก (Gullveig)
- เฮล (Hel)
- นีฮัลลีนเนีย (Nehallennia)
- ซยอฟนา (Sjofna)
- วัลคิรี (Valkyrie)
- เวลันด์ (Weland)
อ้างอิง
- ↑ Simek (2007:26).
- Simek (2007:43).
- Bellows (1936:75).
- Orchard (1997:32).
- Orchard (1997:46).
- Orchard (1997:47).
- Orchard (1997:78).
- Orchard (1997:83).
- Orchard (1997:88).
- Simek (2007:210).
- Orchard (1997:123).
- Orchard (1997:121).
- Simek (2007:322).
- Simek (2007:337).
- Lindow (2001:301).
- Orchard (1997:174—175).
- Orchard (1997:173).
- Simek (2007:363).
- Lindow (2001:78).
- Lindow (2001:105).
- Orchard (1997:36).
- Barnhart (1995:229).
- Lindow (2001:126)
- Lindow (2001:129).
- Orchard (1997:49).
- North (1997:71).
- Simek (2007:106).
- Orchard (1997:54).
- Lindow (2001:147).
- Simek (2007:131).
- ↑ Lindow (2001:177).
- Simek (2007:159).
- Grimm (1888:1374).
- Lindow (2001:199).
- Simek (2007:176).
- Lindow (2001:213).
- Simek (2007:227).
- Lindow (2001:237–238)
- Finnur Jónsson (1913:110) suggests a Njörðr connection, Magnússon (1989:671) suggests Njörðr and Nerio.
- Simek (2007:260).
- Simek (2007:266).
- Lindow (2001:265).
- Nordisk Familjebok (1916:665).
- Lindow (2001:266).
- Orchard (1997:146).
- Lindow (2001:268).
- Simek (2007:287).
- Simek (2007:296).
- Orchard (1997:152).
- Orchard (1997:157).
- Orchard (1997:165).
- Simek (2007:326–327).
- Simek (2007:353).
- Simek (2007:368).
