Ore, Oystein (1988), "1", Number theory and its history, Dover, pp. 19–24, ISBN0486656209
Burnett, Charles (2006), "The Semantics of Indian Numerals in Arabic, Greek and Latin", Journal of Indian Philosophy, Springer-Netherlands, 34 (1–2): 15–30, doi:10.1007/s10781-005-8153-zCS1 maint: extra punctuation (link).
Encyclopaedia Britannica (Kim Plofker) (2007), "mathematics, South Asian", Encyclopædia Britannica Online: 1–12, สืบค้นเมื่อ May 18, 2007.
Hayashi, Takao (1995), The Bakhshali Manuscript, An ancient Indian mathematical treatise, Groningen: Egbert Forsten, ISBN906980087X.
Ifrah, Georges (2000), A Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to Computers, New York: Wiley, ISBN0471393401.
Katz, Victor J. (ed.) (July 20, 2007), The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A Sourcebook, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN0691114854CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link).
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
History of Counting Systems and Numerals. Retrieved 11 December 2005.
The Evolution of Numbers. 16 April 2005.
O'Connor, J. J. and Robertson, E. F. Indian numerals. November 2000.
History of the Numerals
Arabic numerals:
Hindu-Arabic numerals:
Numeral & Numbers' history and curiosities:
Gerbert d'Aurillac's early use of Hindu-Arabic numerals at Convergence
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