แมกโนเลีย

แมกโนเลีย
Magnolia sieboldii
การจำแนกชั้นทางวิทยาศาสตร์
อาณาจักร:	พืช
ไม่ได้จัดลำดับ:	พืชดอก
ไม่ได้จัดลำดับ:	Magnoliids
อันดับ:	Magnoliales
วงศ์:	วงศ์จำปี
สกุล:	Magnolia L.
Species
See text

สกุลแมกโนเลีย (อังกฤษ: magnolia) เป็นพืชดอกในวงศ์จำปีที่มีด้วยกันทั้งหมดราว 210 สปีชีส์ สกุลของพืชตั้งตามชื่อนักชีววิทยาชาวฝรั่งเศสชื่อปีแยร์ มาญอล (Pierre Magnol)

ถิ่นกำเนิดของแมกโนเลียอยู่ทางตอนกลางของเอเชียตะวันออกและเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ รวมถึงในทวีปอเมริกา

แมกโนเลียเป็นสกุลไม้โบราณที่วิวัฒนาการขึ้นมาก่อนที่จะมีผึ้ง รูปทรงของดอกจึงเป็นทรงที่ล่อให้ด้วงมาช่วยผสมพันธุ์ ฉะนั้นเกสรตัวเมีย (carpel) จึงค่อนข้างแข็งแรงเพื่อป้องกันความเสียหายจากการถูกปีนและถูกแทะโดยด้วง ซากดึกดำบรรพ์ของ Magnolia acuminata ที่พบมีอายุกว่า 20 ล้านปีและพืชที่เป็นของวงศ์จำปีมีอายุกว่า 95 ล้านปี ลักษณะอีกอย่างหนึ่งแสดงว่าเป็นพันธุ์ไม้โบราณคือการขาดลักษณะแตกต่างของกลีบเลี้ยง (sepal) หรือกลีบดอก (petal)

ตัวอย่างสปีชีส์

สกุลย่อย Magnolia

 

Magnolia grandiflora.

 

Magnolia virginiana.

ส่วน Magnolia

• Magnolia grandiflora L. - Southern magnolia or Bull bay (SE US)
• Magnolia guatemalensis Donn. Sm. - Guatemalan magnolia or Mamey (GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR)
  • Magnolia guatemalensis ssp. guatemalensis Guatemalan magnolia or Mamey (GUATEMALA)
  • Magnolia guatemalensis ssp. hondurensis (Molina) Vazquez Honduran magnolia (HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR)
• Magnolia iltisiana Vazquez . (W MEXICO)
• Magnolia pacifica Vazquez . (W MEXICO)
  • Magnolia pacifica ssp. pacifica . (W MEXICO)
  • Magnolia pacifica ssp. pugana Iltis & Vazquez . (W MEXICO)
  • Magnolia pacifica ssp. tarahumara Vazquez . (W MEXICO)
• Magnolia panamensis Vazquez & Iltis . (PANAMA)
• Magnolia poasana (Pittier) Dandy - Poas magnolia (COSTA RICA, PANAMA)
• Magnolia schiedeana Schltdl. . (E MEXICO)
• Magnolia sharpii Meranda - Sharp's magnolia (CHIAPAS MEXICO)
• Magnolia sororum Seibert - Sister magnolia (COSTA RICA, PANAMA)
  • Magnolia sororum ssp. lutea Vazquez . (COSTA RICA, PANAMA)
  • Magnolia sororum ssp. sororum . (PANAMA)
• Magnolia tamaulipana Vazquez - Mexican evergreen magnolia (NE MEXICO)
• Magnolia virginiana Linn - Sweetbay magnolia, Sweet magnolia, Sweet bay, Swamp bay, Swamp magnolia, Swamp laurel, Laurel magnolia, White bay, or Beaver tree (SOUTHEAST US)
• Magnolia yoroconte Dandy - Yoroconte magnolia (HONDURAS)

ส่วน Gwillimia

ส่วนย่อย Gwillimia

• Magnolia albosericea Chun & Tsoong. . (HAINAN IS.)
• Magnolia championii Benth - Champion's magnolia (S & SE CHINA)
• Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC. - Coconut magnolia (SE CHINA)
• Magnolia delavayi Franchet - Chinese evergreen magnolia or Delavay's magnolia (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia fistulosa (Finet & Gagnep.) Dandy . (SE YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia henryi Dunn - Henry's magnolia (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia nana Dandy - Dwarf magnolia (VIETNAM)
• Magnolia odoratissima Law et Zhou . (S CHINA)
• Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb. . (NEPAL, BURMA)

ส่วนย่อย Blumiana

• Magnolia gigantifolia (Miq.) Noot. . (BORNEO, SUMATRA)
• Magnolia hodgsonii (Hook.f. & Thom.) H.Keng - Gai lie mu (NEPAL, BURMA)
• Magnolia lasia Noot. . (BORNEO)
• Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baillon - Egg magnolia (SE ASIA, BORNEO, PHILIPPINES, SINGAPORE, SUMATRA)
  • Magnolia liliifera var. angatensis (Blanco) Noot. . (PHILIPPINES)
  • Magnolia liliifera var. beccarii (Ridley) Noot. . (BORNEO)
  • Magnolia liliifera var. liliifera . (SE ASIA)
  • Magnolia liliifera var. obovata (Korth.) Govaerts . (BORNEO)
  • Magnolia liliifera var. singapurensis (Ridley) Noot. . (SINGAPORE, SUMATRA)
• Magnolia mariusjacobsia Noot. . (BORNEO)
• Magnolia persuaveolens Dandy - Fragrant magnolia (BORNEO)
  • Magnolia persuaveolens ssp. persuaveolens . (BORNEO)
  • Magnolia persuaveolens ssp. rigida Noot. . (BORNEO)
• Magnolia sarawakensis (Agostini) Noot. . (BORNEO)
• Magnolia villosa (Miq.) H.Keng . (SUMATRA, BORNEO)

ส่วน Talauma

ส่วนย่อย Talauma

• Magnolia allenii Standl. . (PANAMA)
• Magnolia amazonica Ducke . (BRAZIL, PERU)
• Magnolia arcabucoana (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia boliviana (M.Nee) Govaerts . (BOLIVIA)
• Magnolia caricifragrans (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia cespedesii (Triana & Planch) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia chocoensis (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia dixonii (Little) Govaerts . (ECUADOR)
• Magnolia dodecapetala (Lam.) Govaerts . (LESSER ANTILLES)
• Magnolia espinalii (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia georgii (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia gilbertoi (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia gloriensis (Pittier) Govaerts . (CENTRAL AMERICA)
• Magnolia hernandezii (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia irwiniana (Lozano) Govaerts . (BRAZIL)
• Magnolia katiorum (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia lacandonica Vazquez-Garcia, Perez-Farrera, Martinez-Camilo, Muniz-Castro & Martinez-Melendez . (MEXICO)
• Magnolia mexicana DC. . (MEXICO)
• Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts . (CUBA)
• Magnolia morii (Lozano) Govaerts . (PANAMA)
• Magnolia narinensis (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia neillii (Lozano) Govaerts . (ECUADOR)
• Magnolia ovata (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng. . (BRAZIL)
• Magnolia polyhypsophilla (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia quetzel Vazquez-Garcia, Veliz-Perez, Triboullier-Navas & Muniz-Castro . (GUATEMALA)
• Magnolia rimachii (Lozano) Govaerts . (PERU, ECUADOR)
• Magnolia sambuensis (Pittier) Govaerts . (PANAMA, COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia santanderiana (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia sellowiana (A.St.-Hil.) Govaerts . (BRAZIL)
• Magnolia silvioi (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia venezuelensis (Lozano) Govaerts . (VENEZUELA)
• Magnolia virolinensis (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia wolfii (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)

ส่วนย่อย Dugandiodendron

• Magnolia argyrothricha (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia calimaensis (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia calophylla (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia cararensis (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia chimantensis Steyermark & Maguire - Chimanta magnolia (VENEZUELA)
• Magnolia colombiana (Little) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia guatapensis (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia lenticellata (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia magnifolia (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia mahechae (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia ptaritepuiana Steyermark - Ptari-tepui magnolia (VENEZUELA)
• Magnolia striatifolia Little . (COLOMBIA, ECUADOR)
• Magnolia urraoense (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)
• Magnolia yarumalense (Lozano) Govaerts . (COLOMBIA)

ส่วนย่อย Cubenses

• Magnolia cacuminoides Bisse . (CUBA)
• Magnolia cristalensis Bisse . (CUBA)
• Magnolia cubensis Urb. - Cuban magnolia (CUBA)
• Magnolia domingensis Urb. - Dominican magnolia (HAITI)
• Magnolia ekmannii Urb. . (HAITI)
• Magnolia emarginata Urb. & Ekman - Small-notched magnolia (HAITI)
• Magnolia hamorii Howard - Hamor's magnolia (DOM. REP.)
• Magnolia pallescens Urb. & Ekman - Pale magnolia (DOM. REP.)
• Magnolia portoricensis Bello - Puerto Rico magnolia (PUERTO RICO)
• Magnolia splendens Urban - Shining magnolia or Laurel magnolia (PUERTO RICO)

ส่วน Manglietia

• Magnolia aromatica (Dandy) V.S.Kumar . (S CHINA)
• Magnolia blaoensis (Gagnep.) Dandy . (VIETNAM)
• Magnolia blumei Prantl . (SUMATRA, JAVA)
  • Magnolia blumei var. blumei . (SUMATRA, JAVA)
  • Magnolia blumei var. sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot. . (W SUMATRA)
• Magnolia calophylloides Figlar & Noot. . (W SUMATRA)
• Magnolia caveana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) D.C.Raju & M.P.Nayer . (ASSAM, N BURMA)
• Magnolia chevalieri (Dandy) V.S.Kumar . (VIETNAM, LAOS)
• Magnolia conifera (Dandy) V.S.Kumar . (SE CHINA, VIETNAM)
  • Magnolia conifera var. chingii (Dandy) V.S.Kumar . (SE CHINA)
  • Magnolia conifera var. conifera . (SE CHINA, VIETNAM)
• Magnolia crassipes (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar . (GUANGDONG (CHINA))
• Magnolia dandyi (Gapnep.) Dandy . (S CHINA, VIETNAM, LAOS)
• Magnolia decidua (Q.Y.Zheng) V.S.Kumar . (JIANGXI (CHINA))
• Magnolia dolichogyna (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot. . (BORNEO, MALAY PENIN.)
• Magnolia duclouxii Finet & Gagnep. . (VIETNAM, SW CHINA)
• Magnolia figlarii V.S.Kumar . (SICHUAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia fordiana (Oliv.) Hu . (VIETNAM, S CHINA)
  • Magnolia fordiana var. calcarea (X.H.Song) Chen & Noot. . (GUIZHOU (CHINA))
  • Magnolia fordiana var. fordiana . (VIETNAM, S CHINA)
  • Magnolia fordiana var. forrestii (W.W.Sm. Ex Dandy) Chen & Noot. . (SW CHINA)
  • Magnolia fordiana var. kwangtungensis (Merr.) Chen & Noot. . (SE CHINA)
• Magnolia garrettii (Craib) V.S.Kumar . (SW CHINA, VIETNAM, THAILAND)
• Magnolia grandis (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia hookeri Cubitt & W.W.Sm. . (SW CHINA, N BURMA, THAILAND)
• Magnolia insignis (Wall.) Blume . (S CHINA, NEPAL, BURMA)
• Magnolia lanuginosoides Figlar & Noot. . (SUMATRA)
• Magnolia lucida (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) V.S.Kumar . (SW CHINA)
• Magnolia megaphylla (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia moto (Dandy) V.S.Kumar . (SE CHINA)
• Magnolia obovalifolia (C.Y.Yu & Law) V.S.Kumar . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia ovoidea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) V.S.Kumar . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia phuthoensis (Dandy ex Gapnep.) V.S.Kumar . (VIETNAM)
• Magnolia rufibarbata (Dandy) V.S.Kumar . (VIETNAM)
• Magnolia sabahensis (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot. . (BORNEO)
• Magnolia tibetica V.S.Kumar . (TIBET)
• Magnolia utilis (Dandy) V.S.Kumar . (N BURMA, THAILAND)
• Magnolia ventii (N.V.Tiep) V.S.Kumar . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia yuyuanensis (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar . (E CHINA)

ส่วน Kmeria

• Magnolia duperreana Pierre . (VIETNAM, CAMBODIA)
• Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot. . (YUNNAN, GUANGXI (CHINA))
• Magnolia thailandica Noot. & Chalermglin . (THAILAND)

ส่วน Rhytidospermum

 

Magnolia obovata.

ส่วนย่อย Rhytidospermum

• Magnolia obovata Thunb. - Japanese bigleaf magnolia or Japanese whitebark magnolia (JAPAN)
• Magnolia officinalis Rehd. & Wilson - Houpu magnolia or Magnolia-bark (W CHINA)
  • Magnolia officinalis ssp. biloba Cheng & Law - Aoyehoupo magnolia (E CHINA)
  • Magnolia officinalis ssp. officinalis - Houpu magnolia or Magnolia-bark (E CHINA)
• Magnolia rostrata W.W.Smith - Beaked magnolia (SW CHINA)
• Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. - Umbrella magnolia or Umbrella-tree (SE US)

 

Magnolia wilsonii.

ส่วนย่อย Oyama

• Magnolia globosa Hook.f. & Thoms. - Globe magnolia or Hen magnolia (NEPAL, BURMA)
• Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch - Siebold's magnolia or Oyama magnolia (KOREA, E CHINA)
  • Magnolia sieboldii ssp. japonica K.Ueda . (JAPAN, CENTRAL CHINA)
  • Magnolia sieboldii ssp. sieboldii Siebold's magnolia or Oyama magnolia (JAPAN)
  • Magnolia sieboldii ssp. sinensis (Rehd. & Wilson) Spongberg - Chinese Oyama magnolia or Floreplena magnolia (CENTRAL CHINA)
• Magnolia wilsonii (Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehd. - Wilson's magnolia (SW CHINA)

 

Magnolia fraseri.

ส่วน Auriculata

• Magnolia fraseri Walt. - Fraser magnolia or Ear-leaved magnolia (SE US)
  • Magnolia fraseri var. fraseri - Fraser magnolia or Ear-leaved magnolia (SE US)
  • Magnolia fraseri var. pyramidata (Bartram) Pampanini - Pyramid magnolia (SE US)

 

Magnolia macrophylla var. ashei flower in female phase.

ส่วน Macrophylla

• Magnolia macrophylla Michx. - Bigleaf magnolia (SE US, E MEXICO)
  • Magnolia macrophylla var. ashei (Weatherby) D.Johnson - Ashe magnolia (SE US)
  • Magnolia macrophylla var. dealbata (Zuccarini) D.Johnson - Mexican bigleaf magnolia or Cloudforest magnolia (E MEXICO)
  • Magnolia macrophylla var. macrophylla - Bigleaf magnolia (SE US)

สกุลย่อย Yulania

ส่วน Yulania

 

Magnolia liliiflora.

ส่วนย่อย Yulania

• Magnolia amoena W.C.Cheng - Tianmu magnolia or Tienmu magnolia (E CHINA)
• Magnolia biondii Pampan - Spring hope magnolia (E CHINA)
• Magnolia campbellii Hook.f. & Thomson - Campbell's magnolia (W CHINA, HIMALAYAS)
  • Magnolia campbellii var. alba Treseder . (HIMALAYAS)
  • Magnolia campbellii var. campbellii . (HIMALAYAS)
  • Magnolia campbellii var. mollicomata (W.W.Smith) F.Kingdon-Ward . (W CHINA, HIMALAYAS)
• Magnolia cylindrica Wilson - Huangshan magnolia (E CHINA)
• Magnolia dawsoniana Rehd. & Wilson - Dawson's magnolia (SICHUAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia denudata Desr. - Yulan magnolia or Lilytree (E CHINA)
• Magnolia kobus DC. - Kobushi magnolia (JAPAN, KOREA)
• Magnolia liliiflora Desr. - Mulan magnolia, Purple magnolia, Red magnolia or Woody-orchid (C CHINA)
• Magnolia salicifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. - Willow-leafed magnolia (JAPAN)
• Magnolia sargentiana Rehd. & Wilson - Sargent's magnolia (W CHINA)
  • Magnolia sargentiana var. robusta Rehd. & Wilson . (SICHUAN (CHINA))
  • Magnolia sargentiana var. sargentiana . (W CHINA)
• Magnolia sprengeri Pampan - Sprenger's magnolia (SICHUAN (CHINA))
  • Magnolia sprengeri var. elongata (Rehd. & Wilson) Johnstone . (SICHUAN (CHINA))
  • Magnolia sprengeri var. sprengeri . (SICHUAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia stellata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. - Star magnolia (JAPAN)
• Magnolia × soulangeana Thiéb.-Bern. - Saucer magnolia (HYBRID ORIGIN)
• Magnolia zenii Cheng - Zen magnolia (E CHINA)

ส่วนย่อย Tulipastrum

• Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. - Cucumber tree or Blue magnolia (E NORTH AMERICA)
  • Magnolia acuminata var. acuminata - Cucumber tree or Blue magnolia (E NORTH AMERICA)
  • Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy - Yellow cucumber tree (SE US)

ส่วนMichelia

 

Magnolia × alba.

ส่วนย่อย Michelia

• Magnolia × alba (DC.) Figlar & Noot. - White champaca (HYBRID ORIGIN)
• Magnolia angustioblonga (Law & Wu) Figlar . (SW CHINA)
• Magnolia baillonii Pierre . (SW CHINA, VIETNAM)
• Magnolia balansae A.DC. . (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
• Magnolia banghamii (Noot.) Figlar & Noot. . (MALAYSIA, SUMATRA)
• Magnolia braianensis (Gagnep.) Figlar . (VIETNAM)
• Magnolia cavaleriei (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar . (S CHINA)
• Magnolia champaca (L.) Baillon ex Pierre . (S INDIA, LESSER SUNDA IS., JAVA, MALAY PENIN.)
  • Magnolia champaca var. champaca . (S INDIA, LESSER SUNDA IS.)
  • Magnolia champaca var. pubinervia (Blume) Figlar & Noot. . (JAVA, MALAY PENIN.)
• Magnolia chapensis (Dandy) Sima . (S CHINA, N VIETNAM)
• Magnolia compressa Maxim. . (JAPAN, SW CHINA)
• Magnolia coriacea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar . (SE YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia dianica Sima & Figlar . (SW CHINA)
• Magnolia doltsopa (Buch.-Ham. Ex DC.) Figlar . (SW CHINA, HIMALAYAS)
• Magnolia elliptilimba (B.L.Chen & Noot.) Figlar . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia ernestii Figlar . (SICHUAN (CHINA))
  • Magnolia ernestii ssp. ernestii . (SICHUAN (CHINA))
  • Magnolia ernestii ssp. szechuanica (Dandy) Sima & Figlar . (SICHUAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia figo (Lour.) DC. - Banana-shrub or Chenille copperleaf (SE CHINA)
  • Magnolia figo var. crassipes (Law) Figlar & Noot. . (SE CHINA)
  • Magnolia figo var. figo . (SE CHINA)
  • Magnolia figo var. skinneriana ined. . (SE CHINA)
• Magnolia flaviflora (Law & Wu) Figlar . (VIETNAM, SW CHINA)
• Magnolia floribunda (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar . (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
• Magnolia foveolata (Merr. Ex Dandy) Figlar . (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
• Magnolia fujianensis (Q.F.Zheng) Figlar . (SE CHINA)
• Magnolia fulva (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar . (YUNNAN (CHINA), VIET.?)
  • Magnolia fulva var. calcicola Sima & Yu . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
  • Magnolia fulva var. fulva . (YUNNAN (CHINA), VIET.?)
• Magnolia guangxiensis (Law & R.Z.Zhou) Sima . (GUANGXI (CHINA))
• Magnolia hypolampra (Dandy) Figlar . (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
• Magnolia ingrata (B.L.Chen & S.C.Lang) Figlar . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia jiangxiensis (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar . (JIANGXI (CHINA))
• Magnolia kingii (Dandy) Figlar . (BANGLADESH, ASSAM)
• Magnolia kisopa (Bush.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar . (VIETNAM, NEPAL)
• Magnolia koordersiana (Noot.) Figlar . (MALAYSIA, W SUMATRA)
• Magnolia lacei (W.W.Smith) Figlar . (SW CHINA, VIETNAM)
• Magnolia lanuginosa (Wall.) Figlar & Noot. . (YUNNAN (CHINA), NEPAL)
• Magnolia leveilleana (Dandy) Figlar . (SW CHINA)
• Magnolia macclurei (Dandy) Figlar . (S CHINA, N VIETNAM)
  • Magnolia macclurei var. macclurei . (S CHINA, N VIETNAM)
  • Magnolia macclurei var. sublanea Dandy . (GUANGDONG (CHINA))
• Magnolia mannii (King) King . (ASSAM)
• Magnolia martinii H.Lev. . (SE CHINA, VIETNAM)
• Magnolia masticata (Dandy) Figlar . (YUNNAN (CHINA), LAOS)
• Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar . (SE CHINA, HAINAN IS.)
  • Magnolia maudiae var. hunanensis (C.L.Peng & L.H.Yan) Sima . (HUNAN (CHINA))
  • Magnolia maudiae var. maudiae . (SE CHINA, HAINAN IS.)
  • Magnolia maudiae var. platypetala (Hand.-Mazz.) Sima . (S-CENTRAL CHINA)
• Magnolia mediocris (Dandy) Figlar . (S CHINA, VIETNAM)
• Magnolia microcarpa (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) Sima . (S CHINA)
• Magnolia microtricha (Hand.-Mazz.) Figlar . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar & Noot. . (MALAYSIA to BORNEO)
• Magnolia nilagirica (Zenker) Figlar . (S INDIA, SRI LANKA)
• Magnolia oblonga (Wall. Ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Figlar . (ASSAM)
• Magnolia odora (Chun) Figlar & Noot. . (SE CHINA, N VIETNAM)
• Magnolia opipara (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Sima . (YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia philippinensis P.Pharm . (PHILIPPINES)
• Magnolia punduana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Figlar . (ASSAM)
• Magnolia rajaniana (Craib.) Figlar . (THAILAND)
• Magnolia scortechinii (King) Figlar & Noot. . (MALAY PENIN., W SUMATRA)
• Magnolia shiluensis (Chun & Y.F.Wu) Figlar . (HAINAN IS.)
• Magnolia sirindhorniae Noot. & Chalermglin - Princess Sirindhorn's magnolia (THAILAND)
• Magnolia sphaerantha (C.Y.Wu ex Z.S.Yue) Sima . (SW CHINA)
• Magnolia subulifera (Dandy) Figlar . (VIETNAM)
• Magnolia sumatrae (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. . (MALAYSIA, SUMATRA)
• Magnolia xanthantha (C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar . (YUNNAN (CHINA))

ส่วนย่อย Elmerrillia

• Magnolia platyphylla (Merr.) Figlar & Noot. . (PHILIPPINES)
• Magnolia pubescens (Merr.) Figlar & Noot. . (PHILIPPINES)
• Magnolia tsiampacca (L.) Figlar & Noot. . (SUMATRA, NEW GUINEA, MALAYSIA, BORNEO)
  • Magnolia tsiampacca ssp. mollis (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. . (SUMATRA, BORNEO)
  • Magnolia tsiampacca ssp. tsiampacca . (SUMATRA, NEW GUINEA, MALAYSIA)
  • Magnolia tsiampacca ssp. tsiampacca var. glaberrima (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. . (MALAYSIA, NEW GUINEA)
  • Magnolia tsiampacca ssp. tsiampacca var. tsiampacca . (SUMATRA, NEW GUINEA)
• Magnolia vrieseana (Miq.) Baill. Ex Pierre . (SULAWESI, MOLUCCAS)

ส่วนย่อย Maingola

• Magnolia annamensis Dandy . (VIETNAM)
• Magnolia carsonii Dandy ex Noot. . (BORNEO, CELEBES)
  • Magnolia carsonii var. carsonii . (BORNEO)
  • Magnolia carsonii var. drymifolia Noot. . (BORNEO)
  • Magnolia carsonii var. phaulanta (Dandy ex Noot.) S.Kim . (CELEBES)
• Magnolia cathcartii (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Noot. . (SW CHINA, BURMA)
• Magnolia griffithii King . (INDIA, ASSAM)
• Magnolia gustavii King - Gustav's magnolia (INDIA, ASSAM)
• Magnolia macklottii (Korth.) Dandy . (W JAVA, BORNEO, SUMATRA)
  • Magnolia macklottii var. beccariana (Agostini) Noot. . (SUMATRA)
  • Magnolia macklottii var. macklottii . (W JAVA, BORNEO)
• Magnolia pealiana King . (ASSAM)

ส่วนย่อย Aromadendron

• Magnolia ashtonii Dandy ex. Noot. . (SUMATRA, BORNEO)
• Magnolia bintuluensis (Agostini) Noot. . (SUMATRA, BORNEO)
• Magnolia borneensis Noot. . (BORNEO, PHILIPPINES)
• Magnolia elegans (Blume) Keng . (SUMATRA, JAVA)
• Magnolia pahangensis Noot. . (BORNEO, PHILIPPINES)

สกุลย่อย Gynopodium

ส่วน Gynopodium

• Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy . (TAIWAN)
• Magnolia lotungensis Chun & Tsoon . (S CHINA)
• Magnolia nitida W.W.Smith - Glossy magnolia (NW YUNNAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia omeiensis (Hu & Cheng) Dandy . (SICHUAN (CHINA))
• Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot. . (SE YUNNAN (CHINA))

ส่วน Manglietiastrum

• Magnolia pleiocarpa (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. . (ASSAM)
• Magnolia praecalva (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. . (VIETNAM, MALAY PENIN.)
• Magnolia sinica (Law) Noot. . (SE YUNNAN (CHINA))

อ้างอิง

1. The number of species in the genus Magnolia depends on the taxonomic view that one takes up. Recent molecular and morphological research shows that former genera Talauma, Dugandiodendron, Manglietia, Michelia, Elmerrillia, Kmeria, Parakmeria, Pachylarnax (and a small number of monospecific genera) all belong within the same genus, Magnolia s.l. (s.l. = sensu lato: 'in a broad sense', as opposed to s.s. = sensu stricto: 'in a narrow sense'). The genus Magnolia s.s. contains about 120 species. See the section Nomenclature and classification of Magnolia in this article.
2. Peigler, Richard (1988). "A review of pollination of Magnolias by beetles, with a collecting survey made in the Carolinas" (PDF). Magnolia. 24 (45): 1–7.
3. Bernhardt, P. (2000). (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 222 (1–4): 293–320. doi:10.1007/bf00984108. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม (PDF) เมื่อ 2015-12-23.
4. Crane, P.R. (1988). "The phylogenetic position and fossil history of the Magnoliaceae". ใน Hunt, David R. (บ.ก.). Magnolias and their allies: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, U.K., 12-13 April 1996. Milbourne Port. p. 21. ISBN 9780951723487. OCLC 40781614.
5. Often treated as a distinct species, Magnolia pyramidata.
6. Often treated as a distinct species, Magnolia ashei.
7. Often treated as a distinct species, Magnolia dealbata.

แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น

•   วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์มีสื่อเกี่ยวกับ แมกโนเลีย
• Magnolia images at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Plant Image Database
• Friedman, William (Ned). "Hunting magnolia fruits at the Arboretum." Posts from the Collection, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University website, 20 October 2019. Accessed 29 April 2020.
• Dosmann, Michael and Nancy Rose. "Early to Evolve, Early to Flower: Collections Up Close Spotlights the Magnolia Collection." Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University website, Spring/Summer 2014. Accessed 29 April 2020.
• "Magnolia - April Tree of the Month." Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 2014. Accessed 29 April 2020.
• Glasser, Larissa. "Magnolia madness in April." Blog of the Arnold Arboretum Horticultural Library, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University website, 19 April 2017. Accessed 29 April 2020.
• "NCCPG National Magnolia Collection". Caerhays Castle Garden (UK).
• . Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 2016-03-10. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-04-01. Background information, reports, images and related articles
• "Magnolia Society".
• "Magnolias Threatened by Logging, Development". National Public Radio.
• "Magnolia Trees". Extension. Selecting Trees for your Home. University of Illinois.
•   "Magnolia" . สารานุกรมบริตานิกา ค.ศ. 1911 (11 ed.). 1911.