English: Studio publicity photo of Alfred Hitchcock.
วันที่
29 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2554 (original upload date)
แหล่งที่มา
Dr. Macro
ผู้สร้างสรรค์
Ante Brkan
การอนุญาตใช้สิทธิ
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
Additional source information: This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):
"Publicity photos have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:
"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:
"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]
บันทึกการอัพโหลด
นำเข้าจาก en.wikipedia มายังคอมมอนส์ โดย El Matador
The original description page was here. All following user names refer to en.wikipedia.
2011-03-29 01:22 Connormah 809×1140× (65985 bytes) {{Information |Article = Alfred Hitchcock |Description = Studio publicity photo of Alfred Hitchcock |Author = Studio publicity still |Date = |Source =[http://www.doctormacro.com/Images/Hitchcock,%20Alfred/Annex/Annex%20-%2
ไฟล, hitchcock, alfred, ไฟล, ประว, ไฟล, หน, าท, ภาพน, การใช, ไฟล, ามโครงการ, อม, ลเก, ยวก, บภาพขนาดของต, วอย, างน, กเซล, ความละเอ, ยดอ, กเซล, กเซล, กเซล, ภาพท, ความละเอ, ยดส, งกว, 8206, กเซล, ขนาดไฟล, โลไบต, ชน, ดไมม, image, jpeg, ปภาพหร, อไฟล, เส, ยงน, นฉบ, บ. ifl prawtiifl hnathimiphaphni karichiflkhamokhrngkar khxmulekiywkbphaphkhnadkhxngtwxyangni 498 600 phikesl khwamlaexiydxun 199 240 phikesl 399 480 phikesl 808 973 phikesl duphaphthimikhwamlaexiydsungkwa 8206 808 973 phikesl khnadifl 223 kiolibt chnidimm image jpeg rupphaphhruxiflesiyngni tnchbbxyuthi khxmmxns raylaexiyddanlang epnkhxkhwamthiaesdngphlcak ifltnchbbinkhxmmxns khxmmxnsepnewbistinokhrngkarsahrbekbrwbrwmsuxesri thi khunsamarthchwyid khwamyx khaxthibayHitchcock Alfred 02 jpg English Studio publicity photo of Alfred Hitchcock wnthi 29 minakhm ph s 2554 original upload date aehlngthima Dr Macro phusrangsrrkh Ante Brkan karxnuyatichsiththi Public domain Public domain false false This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1963 and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice the copyright was not renewed For further explanation see Commons Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works depending on the date of the author s death such as Canada 70 years p m a Mainland China 50 years p m a not Hong Kong or Macao Germany 70 years p m a Mexico 100 years p m a Switzerland 70 years p m a and other countries with individual treaties العربية nbsp Deutsch nbsp English nbsp espanol nbsp francais nbsp galego nbsp italiano nbsp 日本語 nbsp 한국어 nbsp makedonski nbsp portugues nbsp portugues do Brasil nbsp russkij nbsp sicilianu nbsp slovenscina nbsp ukrayinska nbsp 简体中文 nbsp 繁體中文 nbsp Flag of the United States Additional source information This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook Focal Press 2001 p 211 Publicity photos have traditionally not been copyrighted Since they are disseminated to the public they are generally considered public domain and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary Nancy Wolff includes a similar explanation There is a vast body of photographs including but not limited to publicity stills that have no notice as to who may have created them The Professional Photographer s Legal Handbook By Nancy E Wolff Allworth Communications 2007 p 55 Film industry author Gerald Mast in Film Study and the Copyright Law 1989 p 87 writes According to the old copyright act such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film s copyright owner a five year period in which to copyright the stills Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible Kristin Thompson committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors that they expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements and some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs 1 bnthukkarxphohldnaekhacak en wikipedia mayngkhxmmxns ody El MatadorThe original description page was here All following user names refer to en wikipedia 2011 03 29 01 22 Connormah 809 1140 65985 bytes Information Article Alfred Hitchcock Description Studio publicity photo of Alfred Hitchcock Author Studio publicity still Date Source http www doctormacro com Images Hitchcock 20Alfred Annex Annex 20 2khabrryayodyyxithyephimkhabrryaythrrthdediywephuxkhyaykhwamwaiflnimixairxngkvsStudio werbefoto von Alfred Hitchcock frngessAlfred HitchcockepxresiyAlfred HitchcockrsesiyStudijnaya reklamnaya fotografiya Alfreda HichkokakhatalnFotografia publicitaria d estudi d Alfred HitchcockeyxrmnStudio publicity photography from Alfred HitchcocksepnFotografia publicitaria de estudio de Alfred HitchcockewiydnamẢnh chụp Alfred Hitchcock trong phong thu trước cong chung baskAlfred Hitchcock zine zuzendariaren argazkiaxitaliAlfred Hitchcock foto pubblicitaria in studioixethmthiaesdngxyuiniflniprakxbdwyphukakbphaphyntrxlefrd hitchkhxkwnthisrang wnkxtng29 minakhm 2011MIME type nbsp xngkvsimage jpeg prawtiifl khlikwnthi ewlaephuxduiflthipraktinkhnann lasud ekasud du ihmkwa 10 ekakwa 10 10 20 50 100 250 500 wnthi ewlarupyxkhnadphuichkhwamehn pccubn12 40 15 singhakhm 2564808 973 223 kiolibt WikiPedantconverted to greyscale 05 30 15 singhakhm 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