Ahmadjian V. (1993). The Lichen Symbiosis. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN0-471-57885-1.
Brodo, I.M., S.D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff, 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Gilbert, O. 2004. The Lichen Hunters. The Book Guild Ltd. England.
Haugan, Reidar / Timdal, Einar (1992): Squamarina scopulorum (Lecanoraceae), a new lichen species from Norway[ลิงก์เสีย]. Nordic Journal of Botany 12(3): 357-360.
Hawksworth, D.L. and Seaward, M.R.D. 1977. Lichenology in the British Isles 1568 - 1975. The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd., 1977.
Kershaw, K.A. Physiological Ecology of Lichens, 1985. Cambridge University Press Cambridge.
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN9780851998268.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Knowles M.C. (1929). "The Lichens of Ireland". Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 38: 1–32.
Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (Editors) 1992. The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Natural History Museum, London.
Sanders W.B. (2001). "Lichens: interface between mycology and plant morphology". Bioscience. 51 (12): 1025–1035. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[1025:LTIBMA]2.0.CO;2.
Memorial University's NL Nature project, focusing primarily on lichens
ESA article on lichen survivability in low earth orbit
The British Lichen Society
Lichens of North America
Lichen Information and Pictures at blackturtle.us 2007-09-28 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน
Pacific Northwest Fungi Online Journal, includes articles on lichens
Fungi that discovered agriculture 2007-05-13 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน
Pictures of Tropical Lichens
High Resolution 1.5 Gigapixel Image of a Lichen Covered Rock
Good example of a Lichen
LIAS light: an online interactive identification key for the lichen species of the World
สิงหาคม 16, 2021
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