fbpx
วิกิพีเดีย

ชาวอิรักเชื้อสายเติร์กเมน

ชาวอิรักเชื้อสายเติร์กเมน (อังกฤษ: Iraqi Turkmens บางครั้งเรียกเป็น เตอร์โกแมน (Turkoman; Turcoman); ตุรกี: Irak Türkmenleri) มีอีกชื่อว่า ชาวอิรักเชื้อสายเติร์ก, ชาวอิรัก-ตุรกี หรือ ชนกลุ่มน้อยอิรัก-เติร์ก (อาหรับ: تركمان العراق‎; ตุรกี: Irak Türkleri) เป็นชาวอิรักที่มีต้นกำเนิดเป็นชาวเติร์ก ซึ่งยึดมั่นในมรดกและอัตลักษณ์ของเติร์ก พวกเขาเป็นลูกหลานของทหาร พ่อค้า และข้าราชการออตโตมันที่เดินทางมาจากอานาโตเลียในสมัยจักรวรรดิออตโตมัน ชาวอิรักเชื้อสายเติร์กเมนมีความสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมและภาษากับชาวตุรกีในประเทศตุรกีและชาวซีเรียเชื้อสายเติร์กเมน แต่ไม่ระบุตนเองเป็นชาวเติร์กเมนในเติร์กเมนิสถานและเอเชียกลาง ชาวอิรักเชื้อสายเติร์กเมนเป็นกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ที่มีมากเป็นอันดับสามของประเทศอิรัก ซึ่งเป็นรองจากชาวอาหรับและชาวเคิร์ด

ชาวอิรักเชื้อสายเติร์กเมน
Irak Türkmenleri
ธงของชาวอิรักเชื้อสายเติร์กเมน
ประชากรทั้งหมด
ประมาณ 4 ล้านคนใน ค.ศ. 2021 (10% ของประชากรอิรักทั้งหมด)
ภูมิภาคที่มีประชากรอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ
ส่วนใหญ่อาศัยอยู่ในภูมิภาคเติร์กเมเนลี
ภาษา
ตุรกี
ส่วนน้อย: อาหรับ, เคิร์ด
ศาสนา
ส่วนใหญ่นับถือศาสนาอิสลาม (ซุนนี; ชีอะฮ์)
ส่วนน้อยนับถือศาสนาคริสต์ (โรมันคาทอลิก)
กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง
ชาวตุรกี  · ชาวซีเรียเชื้อสายเติร์กเมน  · ชาวเลบานอนเชื้อสายเติร์กเมน  · ชาวอิหร่านเชื้อสายอาเซอร์ไบจาน

อ้างอิง

  1. Tastekin, Fehim (2018). . Al-Monitor. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 12 September 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 September 2021. Turkmens are said to be 10-13% of the overall Iraqi population, but that ratio is not reflected in parliament.
  2. Dolamari, Mewan (2016). . Kurdistan24. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 12 September 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 September 2021. Turkmens in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region... represent the third largest ethnic group in Iraq (13 percent of the population).
  3. Güger, M. Birol (2021). "Erşat Salihi'nin istifası, iç savaş senaryoları ve Irak Türklerinin geleceği". Cumhuriyet. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 September 2021. Peki, bu durumda Irak’ta yaşayan 4 milyon Türk ne ile karşılaşacak?
  4. Sari, Esra (2020). "Irak'ta 5 milyon Türkmen yaşıyor". Ticari Hayat. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 September 2021. Irak’ta yaklaşık 5 milyon Türkmen yaşamaktadır.
  5. Jawhar, Raber Tal'at (2010), "The Iraqi Turkmen Front", ใน Catusse, Myriam; Karam, Karam (บ.ก.), Returning to Political Parties?, The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, pp. 313–328, ISBN 978-1-886604-75-9, In short, Iraqi Turkmen are a unique ethnic group; they are predominantly Muslim and divided into two main sects: Shiites (40%) Sunnites (60%), and have strong cultural ties with Turkey
  6. Oğuzlu, Tarik H. (2004), "Endangered community:The Turkoman identity in Iraq" (PDF), Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Routledge, 24 (2): 313, doi:10.1080/1360200042000296681, hdl:11693/49129, S2CID 56385519
  7. Mina al-Lami (July 21, 2014). "Iraq: The minorities of Nineveh". BBC. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ May 14, 2020.
  8. Shams, Alex. "Iraq's Turkmen mobilise for a post-ISIL future". www.aljazeera.com.
  9. Demirci, Fazil (1991), The Iraqi Turks Yesterday and Today, Turkish Historical Society Printing Press, ISBN 9759544326
  10. Cuthell, David (2007), "Turkey Eyes Iraq", Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Georgetown University Press, 8 (2): 66
  11. Kirkuk, GlobalSecurity.org, Ankara had strongly opposed Iraqi Kurdish aspirations to take control of Kirkuk, arguing it belongs as much to the Iraqi Turkish minority.
  12. Triana, María (2017), Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective, Taylor & Francis, p. 168, ISBN 978-1-317-42368-3, Turkmen, Iraqi citizens of Turkish origin, are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds and they are said to number about 3 million of Iraq's 34.7 million citizens according to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.
  13. Bassem, Wassim (2016). . Al-Monitor. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 12 September 2021. Iraqi Turkmens, who are citizens of Iraq with Turkish origins, have been calling for their own independent province in the Tal Afar district west of Mosul, located in the center of the Ninevah province...Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, numbering around 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.
  14. Taylor, Scott (2004), Among the Others: Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq, Esprit de Corps, p. 31, ISBN 1-895896-26-6, The largest number of Turkmen immigrants followed the army of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent when he conquered all of Iraq in 1535. Throughout their reign, the Ottomans encouraged the settlement of immigrant Turkmen along the loosely formed boundary that divided Arab and Kurdish settlements in northern Iraq.
  15. Jawhar, Raber Tal'at (2010), "The Iraqi Turkmen Front", ใน Catusse, Myriam; Karam, Karam (บ.ก.), Returning to Political Parties?, The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, pp. 313–328, ISBN 978-1-886604-75-9, There’s a strong conflict of opinions regarding the origins of Iraqi Turkmen, however, it is certain that they settled down during the Ottoman rule in the northwest of Mosul, whence they spread to eastern Baghdad. Once there, they became high ranked officers, experts, traders, and executives in residential agglomerations lined up along the vast, fertile plains, and mingled with Kurds, Assyrians, Arabs, and other confessions. With the creation of the new Iraqi state in 1921, Iraqi Turkmen managed to maintain their socioeconomic status.
  16. International Crisis Group (2008), , Middle East Report N°81 –13 November 2008: International Crisis Group, คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 12 January 2011, Turkomans are descendents of Ottoman Empire-era soldiers, traders and civil servants... The 1957 census, Iraq’s last reliable count before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958, put the country’s population at 6,300,000 and the Turkoman population at 567,000, about 9 per cent...Subsequent censuses, in 1967, 1977, 1987 and 1997, are all considered highly problematic, due to suspicions of regime manipulation.CS1 maint: location (link)
  17. The New York Times (2015). "Who Are the Turkmens of Syria?". The New York Times. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 14 January 2017. สืบค้นเมื่อ 3 March 2017. In the context of Syria, though, the term ["Turkmen"] is used somewhat differently, to refer mainly to people of Turkish heritage whose families migrated to Syria from Anatolia during the centuries of the Ottoman period — and thus would be closer kin to the Turks of Turkey than to the Turkmens of Central Asia...Q. How many are there? A. No reliable figures are available, and estimates on the number of Turkmens in Syria and nearby countries vary widely, from the hundreds of thousands up to 3 million or more.
  18. Peyrouse 2015, p. 62.
  19. Peyrouse, Sebastien (2015), Turkmenistan: Strategies of Power, Dilemmas of Development, Routledge, p. 62, ISBN 978-0-230-11552-1
  20. Sadik, Giray (2009), American Image in Turkey: U.S. Foreign Policy Dimensions, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 13, ISBN 978-0-7391-3380-4, the Turkmen are Iraq's third-largest ethnic group after the Arabs and Kurds
  21. Barker, Geoff (2012), Iraq, Britannica, p. 23, ISBN 978-1-61535-637-9, The Turkish-speaking Turkmen are the third-largest ethnic group in Iraq after the Arabs and the Kurds.

บรรณานุกรม

  • Al-Hirmizi, Ershad (2003), The Turkmen And Iraqi Homeland (PDF), Kerkuk Vakfi
  • Al-Shawi, Ibrahim (2006), A Glimpse of Iraq, Lulu, ISBN 1-4116-9518-6
  • Anderson, Liam D.; Stansfield, Gareth R. V. (2009), Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-4176-1
  • Barker, Geoff (2012), Iraq, Britannica, ISBN 978-1-61535-637-9
  • Bayatlı, Hidayet Kemal (1996), İrak Türkmen Türkçesi, Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, p. 329, ISBN 9789751608338
  • Betts, Robert Brenton (2013), The Sunni-Shi'a Divide: Islam's Internal Divisions and Their Global Consequences, Potomac books, University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 978-1-61234-522-2
  • Boeschoten, Hendrik (1998), "Speakers of Turkic Languages", ใน Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Ágnes (บ.ก.), The Turkic Languages, Routledge
  • Bulut, Christiane (2000), "Optative constructions in Iraqi Turkmen", ใน Göksel, Aslı; Kerslake, Celia (บ.ก.), Studies on Turkish and Turkic Languages, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 3-447-04293-1
  • Entessar, Nader (2010), Kurdish Politics in the Middle East, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7391-4039-0
  • Fattah, Hala; Caso, Frank (2009), "Turkish Tribal Migrations and the Early Ottoman State", A Brief History of Iraq, Infobase Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8160-5767-2
  • Ghanim, David (2011), Iraq's Dysfunctional Democracy, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-0-313-39801-8
  • Gunter, Michael M. (2004), (PDF), Middle East Policy, 11 (1): 106–131, doi:10.1111/j.1061-1924.2004.00145.x, คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม (PDF) เมื่อ 2012-06-23
  • Graham-Brown, Sarah (1999), Sanctioning Saddam: The Politics of Intervention in Iraq, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 1-86064-473-2
  • Güçlü, Yücel (2007), Who Owns Kirkuk? The Turkoman Case (PDF), Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2007
  • Hashim, Ahmed (2005), Insurgency and counter-insurgency in Iraq, Cornell University Press, ISBN 0-8014-4452-7
  • International Crisis Group (2006), Iraq and the Kurds: The Brewing Battle Over Kirkuk (PDF), Middle East Report N°56 – 18 July 2006: International Crisis GroupCS1 maint: location (link)
  • International Crisis Group (2008), , Middle East Report N°81 –13 November 2008: International Crisis Group, คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 12 January 2011CS1 maint: location (link)
  • Jawhar, Raber Tal'at (2010), "The Iraqi Turkmen Front", ใน Catusse, Myriam; Karam, Karam (บ.ก.), Returning to Political Parties?, Co-éditions, The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, pp. 313–328, ISBN 9782351592618
  • Jenkins, Gareth (2008), (PDF), The Jamestown Foundation, คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม (PDF) เมื่อ 2012-01-12, สืบค้นเมื่อ 2011-12-10
  • Johanson, Lars (2001), Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map (PDF), Stockholm: Svenska Forskningsinstitutet i Istanbul
  • Johanson, Lars (2009), "Turkmen", ใน Brown, Keith; Sarah, Ogilvie (บ.ก.), Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World, Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-08-087774-7.
  • Kibaroğlu, Mustafa; Kibaroğlu, Ayșegül; Halman, Talât Sait (2009), Global security watch Turkey: A reference handbook, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-34560-9
  • Kirdar, Nemir (2012), In Pursuit of Fulfilment: Principle Passion Resolve, Hachette, ISBN 978-0-297-86951-1
  • Knights, Michael (2004), Operation Iraqi Freedom And The New Iraq: Insights And Forecasts, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, ISBN 0-944029-93-0
  • Lukitz, Liora (1995), Iraq: The Search for National Identity, Routledge, ISBN 0-7146-4550-8
  • Lukitz, Liora (2006), A quest in the Middle East: Gertrude Bell and the making of modern Iraq, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 1-85043-415-8
  • Nakash, Yitzhak (2011), Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-1-4008-4146-2
  • Oğuzlu, Tarik H. (2004), "Endangered community:The Turkoman identity in Iraq", Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Routledge, 24 (2): 309–325, doi:10.1080/1360200042000296681, hdl:11693/49129, S2CID 56385519
  • O'Leary, Brendan (2009), How to get out of Iraq with integrity, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-4201-0
  • Park, Bill (2005), Turkey's policy towards northern Iraq: problems and perspectives, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-415-38297-1
  • Phillips, David L. (2006), Losing Iraq: Inside the Postwar Reconstruction Fiasco, Basic Books, ISBN 0-465-05681-4
  • Rubin, Barry (17 March 2015), The Middle East: A Guide to Politics, Economics, Society and Culture, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-317-45578-3
  • Ryan, J. Atticus; Mullen, Christopher A. (1998), Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: Yearbook 1997, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, ISBN 90-411-1022-4
  • Sadik, Giray (2009), American Image in Turkey: U.S. Foreign Policy Dimensions, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7391-3380-4
  • Shanks, Kelsey (2016), Education and Ethno-Politics: Defending Identity in Iraq, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-317-52043-6
  • Sirkeci, Ibrahim (2005), (PDF), University of Bristol, คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม (PDF) เมื่อ 2016-03-03, สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-03-09
  • Stansfield, Gareth R. V. (2007), Iraq: People, History, Politics, Polity, ISBN 978-0-7456-3227-8
  • Talabany, Nouri (2007), "Who Owns Kirkuk? The Kurdish Case", Middle East Quarterly, Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2007
  • Taylor, Scott (2004), Among the Others: Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq, Esprit de Corps Books, ISBN 1-895896-26-6
  • Triana, María (2017), Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-1-317-42368-3
  • Wien, Peter (2014), Iraqi Arab Nationalism: Authoritarian, Totalitarian and Pro-Fascist Inclinations, 1932–1941, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-20479-3.

แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น

  •   วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์มีสื่อเกี่ยวกับ Iraqi Turkmen

ชาวอ, กเช, อสายเต, กเมน, งกฤษ, iraqi, turkmens, บางคร, งเร, ยกเป, เตอร, โกแมน, turkoman, turcoman, รก, irak, türkmenleri, กช, อว, ชาวอ, กเช, อสายเต, ชาวอ, รก, หร, ชนกล, มน, อยอ, เต, อาหร, تركمان, العراق, รก, irak, türkleri, เป, นชาวอ, กท, นกำเน, ดเป, นชาวเต, ง. chawxirkechuxsayetirkemn xngkvs Iraqi Turkmens bangkhrngeriykepn etxrokaemn Turkoman Turcoman turki Irak Turkmenleri mixikchuxwa chawxirkechuxsayetirk 9 chawxirk turki 10 hrux chnklumnxyxirk etirk 11 xahrb تركمان العراق turki Irak Turkleri epnchawxirkthimitnkaenidepnchawetirk sungyudmninmrdkaelaxtlksnkhxngetirk 12 13 phwkekhaepnlukhlankhxngthhar phxkha aelakharachkarxxtotmnthiedinthangmacakxanaoteliyinsmyckrwrrdixxtotmn 14 15 16 chawxirkechuxsayetirkemnmikhwamsmphnththangphnthukrrmaelaphasakbchawturkiinpraethsturkiaelachawsieriyechuxsayetirkemn aetimrabutnexngepnchawetirkemninetirkemnisthanaelaexechiyklang 17 18 19 chawxirkechuxsayetirkemnepnklumchatiphnthuthimimakepnxndbsamkhxngpraethsxirk sungepnrxngcakchawxahrbaelachawekhird 20 21 12 chawxirkechuxsayetirkemnIrak Turkmenlerithngkhxngchawxirkechuxsayetirkemnprachakrthnghmdpraman 4 lankhnin kh s 2021 10 khxngprachakrxirkthnghmd 1 2 3 4 phumiphakhthimiprachakrxyangminysakhyswnihyxasyxyuinphumiphakhetirkemenliphasaturki swnnxy xahrb ekhirdsasnaswnihynbthuxsasnaxislam sunni chixah 5 5 6 swnnxynbthuxsasnakhrist ormnkhathxlik 7 8 klumchatiphnthuthiekiywkhxngchawturki chawsieriyechuxsayetirkemn chawelbanxnechuxsayetirkemn chawxihranechuxsayxaesxribcanxangxing aekikh Tastekin Fehim 2018 Why Iraqi Turkmens are excluded from the new government Al Monitor khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux 12 September 2021 subkhnemux 12 September 2021 Turkmens are said to be 10 13 of the overall Iraqi population but that ratio is not reflected in parliament Dolamari Mewan 2016 Turkmens marginalized in Mosul liberation Kurdistan24 khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux 12 September 2021 subkhnemux 12 September 2021 Turkmens in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region represent the third largest ethnic group in Iraq 13 percent of the population Guger M Birol 2021 Ersat Salihi nin istifasi ic savas senaryolari ve Irak Turklerinin gelecegi Cumhuriyet subkhnemux 12 September 2021 Peki bu durumda Irak ta yasayan 4 milyon Turk ne ile karsilasacak Sari Esra 2020 Irak ta 5 milyon Turkmen yasiyor Ticari Hayat subkhnemux 12 September 2021 Irak ta yaklasik 5 milyon Turkmen yasamaktadir 5 0 5 1 Jawhar Raber Tal at 2010 The Iraqi Turkmen Front in Catusse Myriam Karam Karam b k Returning to Political Parties The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies pp 313 328 ISBN 978 1 886604 75 9 In short Iraqi Turkmen are a unique ethnic group they are predominantly Muslim and divided into two main sects Shiites 40 Sunnites 60 and have strong cultural ties with Turkey Oguzlu Tarik H 2004 Endangered community The Turkoman identity in Iraq PDF Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs Routledge 24 2 313 doi 10 1080 1360200042000296681 hdl 11693 49129 S2CID 56385519 Mina al Lami July 21 2014 Iraq The minorities of Nineveh BBC ekb cakaehlngedimemux May 14 2020 Shams Alex Iraq s Turkmen mobilise for a post ISIL future www aljazeera com Demirci Fazil 1991 The Iraqi Turks Yesterday and Today Turkish Historical Society Printing Press ISBN 9759544326 Cuthell David 2007 Turkey Eyes Iraq Georgetown Journal of International Affairs Georgetown University Press 8 2 66 Kirkuk GlobalSecurity org Ankara had strongly opposed Iraqi Kurdish aspirations to take control of Kirkuk arguing it belongs as much to the Iraqi Turkish minority 12 0 12 1 Triana Maria 2017 Managing Diversity in Organizations A Global Perspective Taylor amp Francis p 168 ISBN 978 1 317 42368 3 Turkmen Iraqi citizens of Turkish origin are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds and they are said to number about 3 million of Iraq s 34 7 million citizens according to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning Bassem Wassim 2016 Iraq s Turkmens call for independent province Al Monitor khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux 12 September 2021 Iraqi Turkmens who are citizens of Iraq with Turkish origins have been calling for their own independent province in the Tal Afar district west of Mosul located in the center of the Ninevah province Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds numbering around 3 million out of the total population of about 34 7 million according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning Taylor Scott 2004 Among the Others Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq Esprit de Corps p 31 ISBN 1 895896 26 6 The largest number of Turkmen immigrants followed the army of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent when he conquered all of Iraq in 1535 Throughout their reign the Ottomans encouraged the settlement of immigrant Turkmen along the loosely formed boundary that divided Arab and Kurdish settlements in northern Iraq Jawhar Raber Tal at 2010 The Iraqi Turkmen Front in Catusse Myriam Karam Karam b k Returning to Political Parties The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies pp 313 328 ISBN 978 1 886604 75 9 There s a strong conflict of opinions regarding the origins of Iraqi Turkmen however it is certain that they settled down during the Ottoman rule in the northwest of Mosul whence they spread to eastern Baghdad Once there they became high ranked officers experts traders and executives in residential agglomerations lined up along the vast fertile plains and mingled with Kurds Assyrians Arabs and other confessions With the creation of the new Iraqi state in 1921 Iraqi Turkmen managed to maintain their socioeconomic status International Crisis Group 2008 Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds Conflict or Cooperation Middle East Report N 81 13 November 2008 International Crisis Group khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux 12 January 2011 Turkomans are descendents of Ottoman Empire era soldiers traders and civil servants The 1957 census Iraq s last reliable count before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958 put the country s population at 6 300 000 and the Turkoman population at 567 000 about 9 per cent Subsequent censuses in 1967 1977 1987 and 1997 are all considered highly problematic due to suspicions of regime manipulation CS1 maint location link The New York Times 2015 Who Are the Turkmens of Syria The New York Times ekb cakaehlngedimemux 14 January 2017 subkhnemux 3 March 2017 In the context of Syria though the term Turkmen is used somewhat differently to refer mainly to people of Turkish heritage whose families migrated to Syria from Anatolia during the centuries of the Ottoman period and thus would be closer kin to the Turks of Turkey than to the Turkmens of Central Asia Q How many are there A No reliable figures are available and estimates on the number of Turkmens in Syria and nearby countries vary widely from the hundreds of thousands up to 3 million or more Peyrouse 2015 p 62 Peyrouse Sebastien 2015 Turkmenistan Strategies of Power Dilemmas of Development Routledge p 62 ISBN 978 0 230 11552 1 Sadik Giray 2009 American Image in Turkey U S Foreign Policy Dimensions Rowman amp Littlefield p 13 ISBN 978 0 7391 3380 4 the Turkmen are Iraq s third largest ethnic group after the Arabs and Kurds Barker Geoff 2012 Iraq Britannica p 23 ISBN 978 1 61535 637 9 The Turkish speaking Turkmen are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after the Arabs and the Kurds brrnanukrm aekikhAl Hirmizi Ershad 2003 The Turkmen And Iraqi Homeland PDF Kerkuk Vakfi Al Shawi Ibrahim 2006 A Glimpse of Iraq Lulu ISBN 1 4116 9518 6 Anderson Liam D Stansfield Gareth R V 2009 Crisis in Kirkuk The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 978 0 8122 4176 1 Barker Geoff 2012 Iraq Britannica ISBN 978 1 61535 637 9 Bayatli Hidayet Kemal 1996 Irak Turkmen Turkcesi Ataturk Kultur Dil ve Tarih Yuksek Kurumu p 329 ISBN 9789751608338 Betts Robert Brenton 2013 The Sunni Shi a Divide Islam s Internal Divisions and Their Global Consequences Potomac books University of Nebraska Press ISBN 978 1 61234 522 2 Boeschoten Hendrik 1998 Speakers of Turkic Languages in Johanson Lars Csato Eva Agnes b k The Turkic Languages Routledge Bulut Christiane 2000 Optative constructions in Iraqi Turkmen in Goksel Asli Kerslake Celia b k Studies on Turkish and Turkic Languages Otto Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 3 447 04293 1 Entessar Nader 2010 Kurdish Politics in the Middle East Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 978 0 7391 4039 0 Fattah Hala Caso Frank 2009 Turkish Tribal Migrations and the Early Ottoman State A Brief History of Iraq Infobase Publishing ISBN 978 0 8160 5767 2 Ghanim David 2011 Iraq s Dysfunctional Democracy ABC CLIO ISBN 978 0 313 39801 8 Gunter Michael M 2004 The Kurds in Iraq PDF Middle East Policy 11 1 106 131 doi 10 1111 j 1061 1924 2004 00145 x khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim PDF emux 2012 06 23 Graham Brown Sarah 1999 Sanctioning Saddam The Politics of Intervention in Iraq I B Tauris ISBN 1 86064 473 2 Guclu Yucel 2007 Who Owns Kirkuk The Turkoman Case PDF Middle East Quarterly Winter 2007 Hashim Ahmed 2005 Insurgency and counter insurgency in Iraq Cornell University Press ISBN 0 8014 4452 7 International Crisis Group 2006 Iraq and the Kurds The Brewing Battle Over Kirkuk PDF Middle East Report N 56 18 July 2006 International Crisis Group CS1 maint location link International Crisis Group 2008 Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds Conflict or Cooperation Middle East Report N 81 13 November 2008 International Crisis Group khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux 12 January 2011 CS1 maint location link Jawhar Raber Tal at 2010 The Iraqi Turkmen Front in Catusse Myriam Karam Karam b k Returning to Political Parties Co editions The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies pp 313 328 ISBN 9782351592618 Jenkins Gareth 2008 Turkey and Northern Iraq An Overview PDF The Jamestown Foundation khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim PDF emux 2012 01 12 subkhnemux 2011 12 10 Johanson Lars 2001 Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map PDF Stockholm Svenska Forskningsinstitutet i Istanbul Johanson Lars 2009 Turkmen in Brown Keith Sarah Ogilvie b k Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World Elsevier ISBN 978 0 08 087774 7 Kibaroglu Mustafa Kibaroglu Ayșegul Halman Talat Sait 2009 Global security watch Turkey A reference handbook Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 313 34560 9 Kirdar Nemir 2012 In Pursuit of Fulfilment Principle Passion Resolve Hachette ISBN 978 0 297 86951 1 Knights Michael 2004 Operation Iraqi Freedom And The New Iraq Insights And Forecasts Washington Institute for Near East Policy ISBN 0 944029 93 0 Lukitz Liora 1995 Iraq The Search for National Identity Routledge ISBN 0 7146 4550 8 Lukitz Liora 2006 A quest in the Middle East Gertrude Bell and the making of modern Iraq I B Tauris ISBN 1 85043 415 8 Nakash Yitzhak 2011 Reaching for Power The Shi a in the Modern Arab World Princeton University Press ISBN 978 1 4008 4146 2 Oguzlu Tarik H 2004 Endangered community The Turkoman identity in Iraq Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs Routledge 24 2 309 325 doi 10 1080 1360200042000296681 hdl 11693 49129 S2CID 56385519 O Leary Brendan 2009 How to get out of Iraq with integrity University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 978 0 8122 4201 0 Park Bill 2005 Turkey s policy towards northern Iraq problems and perspectives Taylor amp Francis ISBN 0 415 38297 1 Phillips David L 2006 Losing Iraq Inside the Postwar Reconstruction Fiasco Basic Books ISBN 0 465 05681 4 Rubin Barry 17 March 2015 The Middle East A Guide to Politics Economics Society and Culture Routledge ISBN 978 1 317 45578 3 Ryan J Atticus Mullen Christopher A 1998 Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization Yearbook 1997 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers ISBN 90 411 1022 4 Sadik Giray 2009 American Image in Turkey U S Foreign Policy Dimensions Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 978 0 7391 3380 4 Shanks Kelsey 2016 Education and Ethno Politics Defending Identity in Iraq Routledge ISBN 978 1 317 52043 6 Sirkeci Ibrahim 2005 Turkmen in Iraq and International Migration of Turkmen PDF University of Bristol khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim PDF emux 2016 03 03 subkhnemux 2009 03 09 Stansfield Gareth R V 2007 Iraq People History Politics Polity ISBN 978 0 7456 3227 8 Talabany Nouri 2007 Who Owns Kirkuk The Kurdish Case Middle East Quarterly Middle East Quarterly Winter 2007 Taylor Scott 2004 Among the Others Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq Esprit de Corps Books ISBN 1 895896 26 6 Triana Maria 2017 Managing Diversity in Organizations A Global Perspective Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 1 317 42368 3 Wien Peter 2014 Iraqi Arab Nationalism Authoritarian Totalitarian and Pro Fascist Inclinations 1932 1941 Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 20479 3 aehlngkhxmulxun aekikh wikimiediykhxmmxnsmisuxekiywkb Iraqi Turkmen ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title chawxirkechuxsayetirkemn amp oldid 9797582, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,

บทความ

, อ่าน, ดาวน์โหลด, ฟรี, ดาวน์โหลดฟรี, mp3, วิดีโอ, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, รูปภาพ, เพลง, เพลง, หนัง, หนังสือ, เกม, เกม