Delman, Edward (February 26, 2015). "An Anti-ISIS Summit in Mecca". The Atlantic.
Aishah Ahmad Sabki (2018). Pedagogy in Islamic Education: The Madrasah Context. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 16.
Brown, Nathan J. (September 2011). Post-Revolutionary al-Azhar(PDF). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 4. สืบค้นเมื่อ 4 April 2015.
Roy, Olivier (2004). Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. Columbia University Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN9780231134996. สืบค้นเมื่อ 4 April 2015. In Egypt the number of teaching institutes dependent on Al-Azhar University increased from 1855 in 1986-7 to 4314 in 1995-6.
"Al-Azhar University". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-08-19.
Skovgaard-Petersen, Jakob. "al-Azhar, modern period." Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Edited by: Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas and Everett Rowson. Brill, 2010, retrieved 20/03/2010:
Al-Azhar, the historic centre of higher Islamic learning in Cairo, has undergone significant change since the late 19th century, with new regulations and reforms resulting in an expanded role for the university. 1. From madrasa to university
หนังสือ
Bayard Dodge (1961). Al-Azhar: A Millennium of Muslim Learning. Middle East Institute.
อ่านเพิ่ม
Witte, Griff (March 3, 2012). "At al-Azhar Mosque, struggle over Islam roils a revered Egyptian institution". The Washington Post.
ออนไลน์
al-Azhar University: university, Cairo, Egypt(Subscription), in Encyclopædia Britannica Online, by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Laura Etheredge, Neha Parwani and Emily Rodriguez
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