Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (Oxford, 1899), "Proper Noun: simpler or lesser vehicle. Name of the earliest system of Buddhist doctrine (opposite to the later Mahayana; see Yana)."
Robert Thurman and Professor Masatoshi Nagatomi of Harvard University: Robert Thurman, in The Emptiness That is Compassion, footnote 10, 1980.
"Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit". สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-06-29.
"Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit". สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-04-15.
"It is also certain that Buddhist groups and individuals in China (including Tibet), Korea, Vietnam, and Japan have in the past, as in the very recent present, identified themselves as Mahayana Buddhists, even if the polemical or value claim embedded in that term was only dimly felt, if at all.", Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism, 2004, page 492
Hirakawa, Akira; Groner, Paul (2007), History of Indian Buddhism: From Sakyamuni to Early Mahayana, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN978-8120809550
Hoffman, Frank J.; Mahinda, Deegalle (1996), Pāli Buddhism, Routledge, ISBN978-0700703593
Kalupahana, David (2015), Mulamadhyamakakarika of Nagarjuna, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN978-8120807747
King, Richard (1999), Indian Philosophy: An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought, Georgetown University Press, ISBN978-0878407569
LeVine, Sarah; Gellner, David N. (2007), Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal, Harvard University Press, ISBN978-0674025547
Lopez Jr., Donald (2005), The Madman's Middle Way: Reflections on Reality of the Tibetan Monk Gendun Chopel, University of Chicago Press, ISBN978-0226493169
Nattier, Jan (2003), A Few Good Men: The Bodhisattva Path according to The Inquiry of Ugra (Ugraparipṛcchā), University of Hawaii Press, p. 174 (footnote 6), ISBN978-0824830038
Rinpoche, Kalu (1995), Profound Buddhism From Hinayana To Vajrayana, Clearpoint Press, ISBN978-0963037152
Rinpoche, Khenchen Thrangu (2004), Distinguishing Dharma and Dharmata, A Commentary on The Treatise of Maitreya, ISBN978-1877294334
Swearer, Donald (2006), "Theravada Buddhist Societies", ใน Juergensmeyer, Mark (บ.ก.), The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions, Oxford University Press, ISBN978-0195137989
Thera, Nyanaponika; Bodhi, Bhikkhu (1998), Abhidhamma Studies: Buddhist Explorations of Consciousness and Time, Wisdom Publications, ISBN978-0861711352
Williams, Jane; Williams, Paul (2004), Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, Volume 3., Routledge, ISBN978-0415332293
Williams, Paul (2000), Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, ISBN978-0415207010
Williams, Paul (2009), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, Routledge, ISBN978-0-415-35653-4
ตุลาคม 31, 2021
นยาน, ɑː, เป, นคำภาษาส, นสกฤตแปลตรงต, วว, ยานลำเล, หร, ยานช, นเลว, ศาสนาจารย, นและท, เบตด, งเด, มน, ยมแปลว, ยานท, เล, กกว, งตรงข, ามก, บมหายาน, งแปลว, ยานใหญ, ในอด, กว, ชาการตะว, นตกน, ยมใช, คำว, าเพ, อเร, ยก, ระบบคำสอนท, เก, าแก, ดของศาสนาพ, ทธ, เช, นในพจนาน,. hinyan ˌ h iː n e ˈ j ɑː n e epnkhaphasasnskvtaepltrngtwwa yanlaelk hrux yanchnelw 1 2 sasnacarycinaelathiebtdngedimniymaeplwa yanthielkkwa 3 sungtrngkhamkbmhayan sungaeplwa yanihy inxdit nkwichakartawntkniymichkhawahinyanephuxeriyk rabbkhasxnthiekaaekthisudkhxngsasnaphuthth echninphcnanukrmphasasnskvtcak kh s 1899 4 nxkcakniyngprakt hinyan ichepnkhaeriykaethnethrwath sungepnnikaykhxngsasnaphuthththiniymptibtimakinpraethssrilngkaaelaexechiytawnxxkechiyngit nkwichakar rxebirth ethxraemnrabuxangmasaothchi nangaothmi sastracarypracamhawithyalyharwardwa sasnaphuththnikayhinyan epnkhathismachikbangswnkhxngethrwathmxngwaepnkhathiduhminaelaimehmaasm 5 enuxha 1 sphthmul 2 tnkaenid 3 xangxing 3 1 brrnanukrmsphthmul aekikhhinyan macakkhawa hin 6 aeplwa elk elw ta thukthingrang khbaekhbimephiyngphx bkphrxng prakxbkbkhawa yan य न 7 aeplwa yanphahna inaengkhxng hnthangsukartrsru swninphcnanukrmphasabalikhxngsmakhmbalipkrnaepl hin wa elw nasngewch thram phun nasngsar naehyiydhyam aela naduhmin phuaeplkhmphir echn phrakumarchiwa aeplkhaniepnphasacinkhlassikwa yanelk 小 khux elk 乘 khux yan xyangirktam praktkhaaeplcinxun thiekaaekkwaechnkn swninphasamxngokeliy Baga Holgon aeplwayanlaelkechnkn 8 swninphasathiebtichkhawa theg chung aeplwa yanelk 9 aela theg dman aeplwa yandxy 10 xyangirktam trngku rinopech ekhyennyawa hinyan imekhymikhwamhmaysuxthung khwamdxykwa odyekharabuwa hinyan khux yanlaelkkwa aelaimmithangthicadxykwamhayan 11 tnkaenid aekikhkhawa hinyan aela mhayan praktkhrngaerkinkhmphirprchyaparmitasutr 12 txmamikhnacaryphraphuththsasnachwngphuththstwrrsthi 6 idptirupkhasxnaelakarptibtiinphraphuththsasna odythuxexawithithangphraophthistwepnxudmkhtiaethnthikarbrrluepnphraxrhntinchatini 13 sungepnaenwptibtidngedimthimimatngaetsasnaphuththyukhaerk cungeriykklumtnexngwa mhayan aelaeriykklumedimwa hinyan odyminikayethrwathepnhnunginnn xyangirktamhinyanklumthimhayanwiphakswicarnmakthisudkhuxnikaysrwastiwath sungtxmaidaetkxxkepniwphasikaaelaesatrantika 12 phraphuththsasna 18 nikaythifaymhayanthuxwaepnfayhinyan idaek ethrwath wiphchchwath mhisaska srwastiwath kasypiya sngkntika esatrantika thrrmkhupt watsiputriya thrromttriya phthryaniya snnakhrika sangmitiya mhasngkhika okhkulika prchyptiwath phhusrutiya exkphyawharika ictikaxangxing aekikh Sanskrit Dictionary Meaning of hina hina meaning in sanskrit origin and history of hina sanskrit syllables and sounds and text in hina Rinpoche 1995 p 15 Monier Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary Oxford 1899 Proper Noun simpler or lesser vehicle Name of the earliest system of Buddhist doctrine opposite to the later Mahayana see Yana Robert Thurman and Professor Masatoshi Nagatomi of Harvard University Robert Thurman in The Emptiness That is Compassion footnote 10 1980 Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit subkhnemux 2010 06 29 Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit subkhnemux 2009 04 15 It is also certain that Buddhist groups and individuals in China including Tibet Korea Vietnam and Japan have in the past as in the very recent present identified themselves as Mahayana Buddhists even if the polemical or value claim embedded in that term was only dimly felt if at all Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism 2004 page 492 Rangjung Yeshe Wiki Dharma Dictionary theg chung Rangjung Yeshe Wiki Tsadra Foundation Rangjung Yeshe Wiki Dharma Dictionary theg dman Rangjung Yeshe Wiki Tsadra Foundation Rinpoche 2004 p 113 12 0 12 1 Berzin Alexander The Terms Hinayana and Mahayana The Berzin Archives ephyaephrwnthi 24 kumphaphnth kh s 2545 eriykkhxmulwnthi tulakhm ph s 2555 rachbnthitysthan phcnanukrmsphthsasnasakl xngkvs ithy chbbrachbnthitysthan phimphkhrngthi 3 rachbnthitysthan 2552 hna 331 2 brrnanukrm aekikh Analayo Bhikkhu 2014 The Hinayana Fallacy PDF Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies 6 9 31 Collins Steven 1990 Selfless Persons Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0521701488 Gombrich Richard 2006 Theravada Buddhism Routledge ISBN 978 0415 36508 6 Hirakawa Akira Groner Paul 2007 History of Indian Buddhism From Sakyamuni to Early Mahayana Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 8120809550 Hoffman Frank J Mahinda Deegalle 1996 Pali Buddhism Routledge ISBN 978 0700703593 Kalupahana David 2015 Mulamadhyamakakarika of Nagarjuna Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 8120807747 King Richard 1999 Indian Philosophy An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought Georgetown University Press ISBN 978 0878407569 LeVine Sarah Gellner David N 2007 Rebuilding Buddhism The Theravada Movement in Twentieth Century Nepal Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0674025547 Lopez Jr Donald 2005 The Madman s Middle Way Reflections on Reality of the Tibetan Monk Gendun Chopel University of Chicago Press ISBN 978 0226493169 Nattier Jan 2003 A Few Good Men The Bodhisattva Path according to The Inquiry of Ugra Ugraparipṛccha University of Hawaii Press p 174 footnote 6 ISBN 978 0824830038 Rinpoche Kalu 1995 Profound Buddhism From Hinayana To Vajrayana Clearpoint Press ISBN 978 0963037152 Rinpoche Khenchen Thrangu 2004 Distinguishing Dharma and Dharmata A Commentary on The Treatise of Maitreya ISBN 978 1877294334 Swearer Donald 2006 Theravada Buddhist Societies in Juergensmeyer Mark b k The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0195137989 Thera Nyanaponika Bodhi Bhikkhu 1998 Abhidhamma Studies Buddhist Explorations of Consciousness and Time Wisdom Publications ISBN 978 0861711352 Williams Jane Williams Paul 2004 Buddhism Critical Concepts in Religious Studies Volume 3 Routledge ISBN 978 0415332293 Williams Paul 2000 Buddhist Thought A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition ISBN 978 0415207010 Williams Paul 2009 Mahayana Buddhism The Doctrinal Foundations Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 35653 4 ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title hinyan amp oldid 9630046, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
