↑ . National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 19 November 2015. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 13 February 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 6 March 2016.
Milo R, Kahana E (March 2010). "Multiple sclerosis: geoepidemiology, genetics and the environment". Autoimmunity Reviews. 9 (5): A387-94. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.010. PMID 19932200.
Nakahara J, Maeda M, Aiso S, Suzuki N (February 2012). "Current concepts in multiple sclerosis: autoimmunity versus oligodendrogliopathy". Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. 42 (1): 26–34. doi:10.1007/s12016-011-8287-6. PMID 22189514. S2CID 21058811.
Tsang BK, Macdonell R (December 2011). . Australian Family Physician. 40 (12): 948–55. PMID 22146321. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2021-10-05. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2022-10-05.
↑ Compston A, Coles A (October 2008). "Multiple sclerosis". Lancet. 372 (9648): 1502–1517. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7. PMID 18970977. S2CID 195686659.
McGinley MP, Goldschmidt CH, Rae-Grant AD (February 2021). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review". JAMA. 325 (8): 765–779. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.26858. PMID 33620411. S2CID 232019589.
Lane J, Ng HS, Poyser C, Lucas RM, Tremlett H (July 2022). "Multiple sclerosis incidence: A systematic review of change over time by geographical region". Mult Scler Relat Disord. 63: 103932. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103932. PMID 35667315. S2CID 249188137.
↑ Weinshenker BG (1994). "Natural history of multiple sclerosis". Ann. Neurol. 36 (Suppl): S6–11. doi:10.1002/ana.410360704. PMID 8017890.
↑ Phadke JG (May 1987). "Survival pattern and cause of death in patients with multiple sclerosis: results from an epidemiological survey in north east Scotland". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 50 (5): 523–31. doi:10.1136/jnnp.50.5.523. PMC1031962. PMID 3495637.
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swnihymkdaeninipcnthaihekidkhwamphikarthngthangrangkayaelakarnukkhid orkhnimikardaeninorkhhlayrupaebb khuxaebbepnorkhklbsungmixakarihm ephiminchwngthimixakarkaeribaetlakhrng hruxaebbluklamsungkhxy mixakarephimkhuniperuxy rahwangkarkaeribaetlakhrngphupwyxacimmixakarid aetemuxorkhepnmakkhunmkerimmikhwambkphrxngkhxngrabbprasaththiepnthawrpccubn MS yngimmiwithirksaihhay withirksainpccubnmungipthikarchwyihphupwyklbmathanganidtampktihlngkarkaerib karpxngknkarkaerib aelakarpxngknkhwamphikar yathiichrksa MS mkmiphlkhangekhiyngmakcnphupwyhlaykhnimsamarthrbyatxenuxngid cungmiphupwyhlaykhnphyayamichkarrksathangeluxksungyngimmihlkthanthangwithyasastrrxngrb phyakrnorkhnnthanayidyak khunxyukbchnidyxykhxngorkh lksnaorkhkhxngphupwyaetlakhn xakaraerkerim aelaradbkhwamphikaremuxorkhdaeninipmak xayukhycasnkwakhnthwippraman 5 10 pi 5 phyakrnorkh aekikh Disability adjusted life year for multiple sclerosis per 100 000 inhabitants in 2004 no data less than 13 13 16 16 19 19 22 22 25 25 28 28 31 31 34 34 37 37 40 40 43 more than 43 phyakrnorkhkhxngphupwy MS aetktangknipkhunxyukbchnidyxykhxngorkhthiepn ephs xayu xakaraerkerim aelaradbkhwamphikar 8 xakarkhxngorkhcarunaerngkhuninchwngewlaepnsibpi odymikhaechliykhxngchwngewlatngaeterimmixakarcnkrathngesiychiwitxyuthi 30 pi 5 pccythismphnthkbkarmikardaeninorkhthidiidaek ephshying chnidyxyaebbklbepnsaslbhay karmixakaraerkerimepnesnprasathtaxkesbhruxxakarthangrabbrbsmphs karmixakarkaeribnxykhrnginchwngpiaerk aelaodyechphaakarerimepnorkhtngaetxayunxy 8 9 xayukhykhxngphupwy MS snkwakhnpktipraman 5 10 pi 5 phupwy 40 mixayuidthungwy 70 pi 9 xyangirkdisxnginsamkhxngphupwyethannthiesiychiwitcaksaehtusungekiywkhxngkb MS odytrng 5 inklumphupwy MS thikhxnkhangmisukhphaphdinnkarkhatwtayepnsaehtukaresiychiwitthisakhysaehtuhnung inkhnathiinklumphupwythimixakarmaknnmkmikhwamthuphphlphaphsungekiywkhxngkbkartidechuxaelaphawaaethrksxnxun 5 phupwyswnihycamixakarepnmakcnthungkhnedinimidkxncaesiychiwit aetphupwy 90 ksamarthedinidepnewla 10 pi hlngerimmixakar aela 75 samarthedinidepnewla 15 pihlngerimmixakar 9 10 xangxing aekikh 1 0 1 1 1 2 NINDS Multiple Sclerosis Information Page National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 19 November 2015 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 13 February 2016 subkhnemux 6 March 2016 Milo R Kahana E March 2010 Multiple sclerosis geoepidemiology genetics and the environment Autoimmunity Reviews 9 5 A387 94 doi 10 1016 j autrev 2009 11 010 PMID 19932200 Nakahara J Maeda M Aiso S Suzuki N February 2012 Current concepts in multiple sclerosis autoimmunity versus oligodendrogliopathy Clinical Reviews in Allergy amp Immunology 42 1 26 34 doi 10 1007 s12016 011 8287 6 PMID 22189514 S2CID 21058811 Tsang BK Macdonell R December 2011 Multiple sclerosis diagnosis management and prognosis Australian Family Physician 40 12 948 55 PMID 22146321 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 2021 10 05 subkhnemux 2022 10 05 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 Compston A Coles A October 2008 Multiple sclerosis Lancet 372 9648 1502 1517 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 08 61620 7 PMID 18970977 S2CID 195686659 McGinley MP Goldschmidt CH Rae Grant AD February 2021 Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis A Review JAMA 325 8 765 779 doi 10 1001 jama 2020 26858 PMID 33620411 S2CID 232019589 Lane J Ng HS Poyser C Lucas RM Tremlett H July 2022 Multiple sclerosis incidence A systematic review of change over time by geographical region Mult Scler Relat Disord 63 103932 doi 10 1016 j msard 2022 103932 PMID 35667315 S2CID 249188137 8 0 8 1 Weinshenker BG 1994 Natural history of multiple sclerosis Ann Neurol 36 Suppl S6 11 doi 10 1002 ana 410360704 PMID 8017890 9 0 9 1 9 2 Phadke JG May 1987 Survival pattern and cause of death in patients with multiple sclerosis results from an epidemiological survey in north east Scotland J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 50 5 523 31 doi 10 1136 jnnp 50 5 523 PMC 1031962 PMID 3495637 Myhr KM Riise T Vedeler C aelakhna February 2001 Disability and prognosis in multiple sclerosis demographic and clinical variables important for the ability to walk and awarding of disability pension Mult Scler 7 1 59 65 PMID 11321195 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 2021 02 21 subkhnemux 2011 05 29 a href E0 B9 81 E0 B8 A1 E0 B9 88 E0 B9 81 E0 B8 9A E0 B8 9A Cite journal html title aemaebb Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list lingk aehlngkhxmulxun aekikhorkhplxkprasathesuxmaekhng thiewbist Curlie Database for analysis and comparison of global data on the epidemiology of MS NIH listing of clinical trials related to MS Abstract index ekbthawr 2010 06 29 thi ewyaebkaemchchin of the Cochrane Library GeneReview NCBI NIH UW entry on Multiple Sclerosis OverviewkarcaaenkorkhDICD 10 G35ICD 9 CM 340OMIM 126200MeSH D009103DiseasesDB 8412thrphyakrphaynxkMedlinePlus 000737eMedicine neuro 228 oph 179 emerg 321 pmr 82 radio 461Patient UK orkhplxkprasathesuxmaekhngGeneReviews Overview bthkhwamekiywkbaephthysastrniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodykarephimetimkhxmulduephimthi 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