Park W, Vaezi M (2005). "Etiology and pathogenesis of achalasia: the current understanding". American Journal of Gastroenterology. 100 (6): 1404–1414. PMID 15929777.
Spechler SJ, Castell DO (July 2001). "Classification of oesophageal motility abnormalities". Gut. 49 (1): 145–151. doi:10.1136/gut.49.1.145. PMC1728354. PMID 11413123.
Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ (January 2005). "AGA technical review on the clinical use of esophageal manometry". Gastroenterology. 128 (1): 209–224. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.008. PMID 15633138.
Pandolfino, JE; Gawron, AJ (2015). "2015 JAMA Review of Achalasia". Journal of the American Medical Association. 313 (18): 1841–1852. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.2996. PMID 25965233.
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