Riggenbach, Jeff (2011-04-24) The Real William Graham Sumner, Mises Institute
Williams, Raymond (2000). "Social Darwinism". ใน John Offer (บ.ก.). Herbert Spencer: Critical Assessment. London ; New York: Routledge. pp. 186–199. ISBN9780415181846.
Gregory Claeys (2000). The "Survival of the Fittest" and the Origins of Social Darwinism. Journal of the History of Ideas 61 (2):223-240.
Leonard, Thomas C. (2009) Origins of the Myth of Social Darwinism: The Ambiguous Legacy of Richard Hofstadter's Social Darwinism in American Thought Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 71, p.37–51
ตุลาคม 28, 2021
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