English: Studio publicity portrait for film Sabrina.
วันที่
แหล่งที่มา
Dr. Macro
ผู้สร้างสรรค์
film studio
การอนุญาตใช้สิทธิ
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
Additional source information: This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):
"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:
"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:
"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]
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นำเข้าจาก en.wikipedia มายังคอมมอนส์ โดย El Matador
The original description page was here. All following user names refer to en.wikipedia.
{{Information |Description={{en|Studio publicity portrait for film ''Sabrina''.}}<br/> |Source=Transferred from [http://en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia]; transfer was stated to be made by User:El Matador.<br/> (Original text : ''[http://www.doctormacro.
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States between 1928 and 1963 and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice the copyright was not renewed For further explanation see Commons Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works depending on the date of the author s death such as Canada 50 years p m a Mainland China 50 years p m a not Hong Kong or Macao Germany 70 years p m a Mexico 100 years p m a Switzerland 70 years p m a and other countries with individual treaties العربية nbsp Deutsch nbsp English nbsp espanol nbsp francais nbsp galego nbsp italiano nbsp 日本語 nbsp 한국어 nbsp makedonski nbsp portugues nbsp portugues do Brasil nbsp russkij nbsp sicilianu nbsp slovenscina nbsp ukrayinska nbsp 简体中文 nbsp 繁體中文 nbsp Flag of the United States Additional source information This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook Focal Press 2001 p 211 Publicity photos star headshots have traditionally not been copyrighted Since they are disseminated to the public they are generally considered public domain and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary Nancy Wolff includes a similar explanation There is a vast body of photographs including but not limited to publicity stills that have no notice as to who may have created them The Professional Photographer s Legal Handbook By Nancy E Wolff Allworth Communications 2007 p 55 Film industry author Gerald Mast in Film Study and the Copyright Law 1989 p 87 writes According to the old copyright act such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film s copyright owner a five year period in which to copyright the stills Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible Kristin Thompson committee chairperson of the for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors that they expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements and some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs 1 bnthukkarxphohldnaekhacak en wikipedia mayngkhxmmxns ody El MatadorThe original description page was here All following user names refer to en wikipedia 2010 11 05 05 12 Wikiwatcher1 1004 1238 142226 bytes fix image 2010 11 05 05 10 Wikiwatcher1 1004 1238 142226 bytes commons ok Information Description Studio publicity portrait for film Sabrina Date 1954 Source http www doctormacro com Images Hepburn 20Audrey Annex Annex 20 20Hepburn 20Audrey 20 Sabrina 21 jpg Dr Macro khabrryayodyyxithyephimkhabrryaythrrthdediywephuxkhyaykhwamwaiflnimixairixethmthiaesdngxyuiniflniprakxbdwywnthisrang wnkxtng1954 prawtiifl khlikwnthi ewlaephuxduiflthipraktinkhnann wnthi ewlarupyxkhnadphuichkhwamehn pccubn04 30 10 emsayn 25541 004 1 238 139 kiolibt El Matador Information Description en Studio publicity portrait for film 039 039 Sabrina 039 039 lt br gt Source Transferred from http en wikipedia org en wikipedia transfer was stated to be made by User El Matador lt br gt Original text 039 039 http www doctormacro hnathimiphaphni hnatxipni oyngmathiphaphni wileliym ohledn karichiflswnklang wikixuntxipniichiflni karichbn af wikipedia org 26ste Oscar toekenningsaand William Holden karichbn ar wikipedia org معهد الفيلم الأمريكي 100 عام و100 نجم ويليام هولدن مستخدم FShbib ملعب26 karichbn arz wikipedia org ليستة اهم 50 من نجوم السينما الامريكيه ويليام هولدين 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26 ª edicion de los Premios oscar Anexo AFI s 100 anos 100 estrellas karichbn et wikipedia org AFI s 100 Years 100 Stars Vikipeedia Andmeparingud Isikud Britannicas karichbn eu wikipedia org William Holden karichbn fa wikipedia org ۱۰۰ سال ۱۰۰ ستاره به انتخاب بفا ویلیام هولدن karichbn fi wikipedia org William Holden Kayttaja Fiwiki tools bot kuvattomat 21 karichbn fr wikipedia org William Holden 26e ceremonie des Oscars AFI s 100 Years 100 Stars karichbn ga wikipedia org William Holden karichbn gl wikipedia org William Holden karichbn he wikipedia org ויליאם הולדן מאה שנים מאה כוכבים dukarichthwolkephimetimkhxngiflnikhxmulekiywkbphaph phaphnimikhxmulephimetim sungswnihymacakklxngdicitxlhruxsaeknenxrthisamarthekbkhxmuldngklawiwrwmkbphaphid thaphaphnithukprbprungaekikhhruxepliynaeplngcakedim khxmulbangxyangcayngkhngimepliynaeplngehmuxnphaphthithukprbprungaekikhnn error0 ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org wiki ifl Holden portrait jpg, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
