Porta, M., บ.ก. (2008). A Dictionary of Epidemiology (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195314496.
↑ Nahin, Richard (2012-06-25). "Observational Studies and Secondary Data Analyses To Assess Outcomes in Complementary and Integrative Health Care". National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Although observational studies cannot provide definitive evidence of safety, efficacy, or effectiveness, they can: 1) provide information on “real world” use and practice; 2) detect signals about the benefits and risks of complementary therapies use in the general population; 3) help formulate hypotheses to be tested in subsequent experiments; 4) provide part of the community-level data needed to design more informative pragmatic clinical trials; and 5) inform clinical practice.
Rosenbaum, Paul R (2009). Design of Observational Studies. New York: Springer. ISBN978-1-4419-1213-8.
Anglemyer, Andrew; Horvath, Hacsi T; Bero, Lisa; Bero, Lisa (2014). "Healthcare outcomes assessed with observational study designs compared with those assessed in randomized trials". doi:10.1002/14651858.MR000034.pub2. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
von Elm, E; Altman, DG; Egger, M; Pocock, SJ; Gøtzsche, PC; Vandenbroucke, JP (2007). "The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies". PLoS Med. 4 (10): e296. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296. PMC2020495. PMID 17941714.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2002). Observational Studies (2nd ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN0387989676.
"NIST/SEMATECH Handbook on Engineering Statistics" at National Institute of Standards and Technology
มกราคม 05, 2022
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hlaykhrngdwyenuxhatangkn Observational study khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux 2016 04 27 subkhnemux 2008 06 25 Porta M b k 2008 A Dictionary of Epidemiology 5th ed New York Oxford University Press ISBN 9780195314496 4 0 4 1 Nahin Richard 2012 06 25 Observational Studies and Secondary Data Analyses To Assess Outcomes in Complementary and Integrative Health Care National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Although observational studies cannot provide definitive evidence of safety efficacy or effectiveness they can 1 provide information on real world use and practice 2 detect signals about the benefits and risks of complementary therapies use in the general population 3 help formulate hypotheses to be tested in subsequent experiments 4 provide part of the community level data needed to design more informative pragmatic clinical trials and 5 inform clinical practice Rosenbaum Paul R 2009 Design of Observational Studies New York Springer ISBN 978 1 4419 1213 8 Anglemyer Andrew Horvath Hacsi T Bero Lisa Bero Lisa 2014 Healthcare outcomes assessed with observational study designs compared with those assessed in randomized trials doi 10 1002 14651858 MR000034 pub2 Cite journal requires journal help von Elm E Altman DG Egger M Pocock SJ Gotzsche PC Vandenbroucke JP 2007 The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology STROBE Statement Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies PLoS Med 4 10 e296 doi 10 1371 journal pmed 0040296 PMC 2020495 PMID 17941714 CS1 maint multiple names authors list link aehlngkhxmulxun aekikhRosenbaum Paul R 2002 Observational Studies 2nd ed New York Springer Verlag ISBN 0387989676 NIST SEMATECH Handbook on Engineering Statistics at National Institute of Standards and Technology ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title ngansuksaaebbsngekt amp oldid 9562674, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,