Chisholm, Hugh, บ.ก. (1911). "Tyrant" . สารานุกรมบริตานิกา ค.ศ. 1911. 27 (11 ed.). สำนักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยเคมบริดจ์. p. 548.: "TYRANT (Gr. τύραννος, master, ruler), a term applied in modern times to a ruler of a cruel and oppressive character."
Compare: "Tyrant". Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert – Collaborative Translation Project. 2009-11-06. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 April 2015. [...] today by tyrant one understands, not only a usurper of sovereign power, but even a legitimate sovereign who abuses his power in order to violate the law, to oppress his people, and to make his subjects the victims of his passions and unjust desires, which he substitutes for laws.
"tyrant | Definition & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica (ภาษาอังกฤษ). สืบค้นเมื่อ 2019-10-13.
Victor Parker, A History of Greece, 1300 to 30 BC (chapter 7)
สิงหาคม 08, 2021
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