Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 142 (3–4): 367–380. Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4.
Retallack, G. J. (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-02-11.
Van Couvering, John; Castradori, Davide; Cita, Maria; Hilgen, Frederik; Rio, Domenico (September 2000). "The base of the Zanclean Stage and of the Pliocene Series" (PDF). Episodes. 23 (3): 179–187. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i3/005.
Gibbard, Philip; Head, Martin (September 2010). "The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification" (PDF). Episodes. 33 (3): 152–158. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002. สืบค้นเมื่อ 8 December 2020.
See the 2009 version of the ICS geologic time scale: [1]
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์มีสื่อเกี่ยวกับ สมัยไพลโอซีน
Mid-Pliocene Global Warming: NASA/GISS Climate Modeling 2005-06-23 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน
สม, ยไพลโอซ, งกฤษ, pliocene, หร, pleiocene, เป, นสม, ยหน, งของย, คน, โอจ, นในธรณ, กาลระหว, าง, านป, อนป, จจ, น5, านป, อน, preꞒ, ทยาการลำด, บเวลา, โนโซอ, กพาล, โอจ, นน, โอจ, นควอเทอร, นาร, ไมโอซ, นไพลฯอาค, เทเน, ยนเบอร, กาเล, ยนลางเก, ยนเซอร, าวาเล, ยนตอร, โตเน. smyiphloxsin xngkvs Pliocene hrux Pleiocene epnsmyhnungkhxngyukhnioxcininthrnikalrahwang 5 333 thung 2 588 6 lanpikxnpccubnsmyiphloxsin5 333 2 58 lanpikxn PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N withyakarladbewla 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 sionosxikphalioxcinnioxcinkhwxethxrnariimoxsiniphlxakhietheniynebxrdikaeliynlangekiynesxrrawaeliyntxroteniynemssieniynaesnekhliynpixaesnesiyn wikvtkhwamekhmchwngxayuemssieniyn 1 karkhyaykhxngaephrrixemrikaehnux 2 karaebngyxykhxngyukhnioxcintam ICS pi 2564 3 matraaeknaenwtng lanpikxnniruktisastrkhwamepnthangkarkhxngchuxthangkarkhxmulkarichethhwtthuolkkarichradbphakhthwolk ICS karichchwngewlathrnikalkhxng ICSkarniyamhnwywithyakarladbewlasmyhnwyladbchnhinhinsmykhwamepnthangkarkhxngchwngkalthangkarkhaniyamkhxblangxingkbehtukarnaemehlkethfra C3n 4n sungihmkwa GSSP ephiyng 96 ka 5 wdckrthisubknma khxblang GSSPaehlngehraekhliy mionxa ehraekliy mionxa ktotlika exraekliy aekhwnsisili praethsxitali37 23 30 N 13 16 50 E 37 3917 N 13 2806 E 37 3917 13 2806karxnumti GSSP2000 4 khaniyamkhxbbnxingkbsphaphkhwaemehlkhinrun C2r Matuyama karsuyphnthukhxngphwkaehpotift Discoaster pentaradiatus aela Discoaster surculuskhxbbn GSSPaehlngmxnget san niokla ecla aekhwnsisili praethsxitali37 08 49 N 14 12 13 E 37 1469 N 14 2035 E 37 1469 14 2035karxnumti GSSP2009 epnthankhxngkhwxethxrnariaelasmyiphlsotsin 5 Diodora italica caksmyiphloxsinkhxngisprs smyiphloxsinepnsmythisxngaelasmyihmthisudkhxngyukhnioxcinkhxngmhayukhsionosxik smyiphloxsintxmacaksmyimoxsinaelatamdwysmyiphlsotsinchuxkhxngsmytngodynkthrniwithyachals ilexll thimacakkhainphasakrikwa pleῖon pleion aeplwa mak aela kainos kainos thiaeplwa ihm thiaeplngay wa smythitammacaksmypccubn thihmaythungsmykhxngstwthaelmxllskakhxngsmyihmxangxing aekikh Krijgsman W Garces M Langereis C G Daams R Van Dam J Van Der Meulen A J Agusti J Cabrera L 1996 A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain Earth and Planetary Science Letters 142 3 4 367 380 Bibcode 1996E amp PSL 142 367K doi 10 1016 0012 821X 96 00109 4 Retallack G J 1997 Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie PALAIOS 12 4 380 390 doi 10 2307 3515337 JSTOR 3515337 subkhnemux 2008 02 11 ICS Timescale Chart PDF www stratigraphy org Van Couvering John Castradori Davide Cita Maria Hilgen Frederik Rio Domenico September 2000 The base of the Zanclean Stage and of the Pliocene Series PDF Episodes 23 3 179 187 doi 10 18814 epiiugs 2000 v23i3 005 Gibbard Philip Head Martin September 2010 The newly ratified definition of the Quaternary System Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series Epoch and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification PDF Episodes 33 3 152 158 doi 10 18814 epiiugs 2010 v33i3 002 subkhnemux 8 December 2020 See the 2009 version of the ICS geologic time scale 1 aehlngkhxmulxun aekikh wikimiediykhxmmxnsmisuxekiywkb smyiphloxsin Mid Pliocene Global Warming NASA GISS Climate Modeling Archived 2005 06 23 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Palaeos Pliocene Archived 2004 12 07 thi ewyaebkaemchchin PBS Change Deep Time Pliocene Possible Pliocene supernova Supernova dealt deaths on Earth Stellar blasts may have killed ancient marine life Science News Online retrieved February 2 2002 UCMP Berkeley Pliocene Epoch Page bthkhwamekiywkbthrniwithyaniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodyephimkhxmul ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title smyiphloxsin amp oldid 9721565, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
![[1]](http://www.quaternary.stratigraphy.org.uk/correlation/GSAchron09.jpg){kind=link}
