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แม่น้ำสรัสวดี

สำหรับแม่น้ำชื่อเดียวกันแห่งอื่น ดู แม่น้ำสรัสวตี (แก้ความกำกวม)

แม่น้ำสรัสวดี หรือ สรัสวตีนที เป็นหนึ่งในแม่น้ำที่ปรากฏในฤคเวท และในเอกสารยุคพระเวท และหลังพระเวท เป็นแม่น้ำสำคัญสายหนึ่งที่มีบทบาทอย่างมากในศาสนาพระเวท

แรกเริ่มแล้วพระแม่สรัสวตีทรงเป็นรูปบุคลาธิสถานของแม่น้ำนี้ แต่ต่อมาก็ได้วิวัฒนาการขึ้นมาเป็นเทวีที่มีเอกลักษณ์ของพระองค์แยกจากแม่น้ำ ชาวฮินดูบางส่วนเชื่อว่าแม่น้ำสรัสวตีปรากฏอยู่ในรูปเมทาฟิสิกส์ และบรรจบกับแม่น้ำอีกสองสาย คือ แม่น้ำคงคา และ แม่น้ำยมุนา ตรงจุดที่เรียกว่าไตรเวนิสังคัม

นับตั้งแต่ศตวรรษที่ 19 นักวิชาการเชื่อกันว่าแม่น้ำสรัสวตีในพระเวทคือระบบแม่น้ำฆัคคร-หักระ ซึ่งไหลผ่านทางตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือของประเทศอินเดีย และปากีสถานตะวันออก ระหว่างแม่น้ำยมุนาและแม่น้ำสุตเลช หลักฐานจากภาพถ่ายดาวเทียมระบุว่าในอดีตมีแม่น้ำสายใหญ่ที่เคยไฟลผ่านตรงแม่น้ำฆัคครในปัจจุบัน

ดูเพืิม

แม่แบบ:Col div

  • พราหมวรต
  • ทริศาทวตี
  • สัปตสินธุ
  • พระสุรัสวดี
  • สินธุ
  • สรัสวตพราหมิณ
  • ไตรเวนิสังคัม
  • สรัสวตีปุษการาม

หมายเหตุ

อ้างอิง

  1. Kinsley 1998, p. 10, 55-57.
  2. อ้างอิงผิดพลาด: ป้ายระบุ <ref> ไม่ถูกต้อง ไม่มีการกำหนดข้อความสำหรับอ้างอิงชื่อ EB-Sarasvati
  3. Kalyanaraman, S., บ.ก. (2008), Vedic River Sarasvati and Hindu Civilization, Aryan Books International, PP.308, ISBN 978-81-7305-365-8

บรรณานุกรม

  • Anthony, David W. (2007), The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World, Princeton University Press
  • Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009), Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-1400829941, สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 December 2014
  • Bryant, Edwin (2001), The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-513777-4
  • Chatterjee, Anirban; Ray, Jyotiranjan S.; Shukla, Anil D.; Pande, Kanchan (2019-11-20). "On the existence of a perennial river in the Harappan heartland". Scientific Reports (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 9 (1): 17221. Bibcode:2019NatSR...917221C. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53489-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6868222. PMID 31748611.
  • Danino, Michel (2010), The Lost River - On the trail of the Sarasvati, Penguin Books India
  • Darian, Steven G. (2001), "5.Ganga and Sarasvati: The Transformation of Myth", The Ganges in Myth and History, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., ISBN 978-81-208-1757-9
  • Eck, Diana L. (2012), India: A Sacred Geography, Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony, ISBN 978-0-385-53191-7
  • Clift; และคณะ (2012), "U-Pb zircon dating evidence for a Pleistocene Sarasvati River and capture of the Yamuna River", Geology, 40 (3): 211–214, Bibcode:2012Geo....40..211C, doi:10.1130/g32840.1, S2CID 130765891
  • Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
  • Giosan; และคณะ (2012), "Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization", PNAS, 109 (26): E1688–E1694, Bibcode:2012PNAS..109E1688G, doi:10.1073/pnas.1112743109, PMC 3387054, PMID 22645375
  • Gupta, S.P. (ed.). 1995. The lost Saraswati and the Indus Civilization. Kusumanjali Prakashan, Jodhpur.
  • Hock, Hans (1999) Through a Glass Darkly: Modern "Racial" Interpretations vs. Textual and General Prehistoric Evidence on Arya and Dasa/Dasyu in Vedic Indo-Aryan Society." in Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia, ed. Bronkhorst & Deshpande, Ann Arbor.
  • Keith and Macdonell. 1912. Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.
  • Kinsley, David (1998), Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., ISBN 978-81-208-0394-7
  • Kochhar, Rajesh, 'On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgvedic river Sarasvatī' in Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, Routledge (1999), ISBN 0-415-10054-2.
  • Kochhar, Rajesh (2012), "On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgvedic river Sarasvatī", Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, Routledge
  • Lal, B.B. 2002. The Saraswati Flows on: the Continuity of Indian Culture. New Delhi: Aryan Books International
  • Ludvík, Catherine (2007), Sarasvatī, Riverine Goddess of Knowledge: From the Manuscript-carrying Vīṇā-player to the Weapon-wielding Defender of the Dharma, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-15814-6
  • Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
  • Mukherjee, Ashoke (2001), "RIGVEDIC SARASVATI: MYTH AND REALITY" (PDF), Breakthrough, Breakthrough Science Society, 9 (1)
  • Oldham, R.D. 1893. The Sarsawati and the Lost River of the Indian Desert. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1893. 49-76.
  • Puri, VKM, and Verma, BC, Glaciological and Geological Source of Vedic Sarasvati in the Himalayas, New Delhi, Itihas Darpan, Vol. IV, No.2, 1998
  • Prasad, R.U.S. (2017). River and Goddess Worship in India: Changing Perceptions and Manifestations of Sarasvati. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315209401. ISBN 9781315209401.
  • Radhakrishna, B.P. and Merh, S.S. (editors): Vedic Saraswati: Evolutionary History of a Lost River of Northwestern India (1999) Geological Society of India (Memoir 42), Bangalore. Review (on page 3) Review[ลิงก์เสีย]
  • Shaffer, Jim G. (1995), "Cultural tradition and Palaeoethnicity in South Asian Archaeology", ใน George Erdosy (บ.ก.), Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5
  • Singh, Ajit (2017), "Counter-intuitive influence of Himalayan river morphodynamics on Indus Civilisation urban settlements", Nature Communications, 8 (1): 1617, Bibcode:2017NatCo...8.1617S, doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01643-9, PMC 5705636, PMID 29184098
  • Sinha, Rajiv; Singh, Ajit; Tandon, Sampat (25 July 2020), "Fluvial archives of north and northwestern India as recorders of climatic signatures in the late Quaternary: review and assessment", Current Science, 119 (2)
  • S. G. Talageri, The RigVeda - A Historical Analysis chapter 4
  • Valdiya, K. S. (2002), Saraswati: The River That Disappeared, Universities Press (India), Hyderabad, ISBN 978-81-7371-403-0
  • Valdiya, K.S. (2013), "The River Saraswati was a Himalayan-born river" (PDF), Current Science, 104 (1): 42
  • Wilke, Annette (2011), Sound and Communication: An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-018159-3
  • Witzel, Michael (1984), Sur le chemin du ciel (PDF)
  • Witzel, Michael (2001), "Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF), Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, 7 (3): 1–93
  • Witzel, Michael (2005), "Indocentrism", ใน Bryant, Edwin; Patton, Laurie L. (บ.ก.), TheE Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history, Routledge
  • Witzel, Michael (2012), The Origins of the World's Mythologies, Oxford University Press

อ่านเพิ่ม

  • Chakrabarti, D. K., & Saini, S. (2009). The problem of the Sarasvati River and notes on the archaeological geography of Haryana and Indian Panjab. New Delhi: Aryan Books International.
  • An archaeological tour along the Ghaggar-Hakra River by Aurel Stein

แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น

  • Is River Ghaggar, Saraswati? by Tripathi, Bock, Rajamani, Eir
  • Saraswati – the ancient river lost in the desert by A. V. Sankaran
  • Sarasvati research and Education Trust
  • Map "પ્રદેશ નદીનો તટપ્રદેશ (બેઝીન) સરસ્વતી (Regional River Basin: Saraswati Basin)". Narmada, Water Resources, Water Supply and Kalpsar Department.

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hlkthancakphaphthaydawethiymrabuwainxditmiaemnasayihythiekhyiflphantrngaemnakhkhkhrinpccubn 3 enuxha 1 duephuim 2 hmayehtu 3 xangxing 3 1 brrnanukrm 4 xanephim 5 aehlngkhxmulxunduephuim aekikhaemaebb Col div phrahmwrt thrisathwti sptsinthu phrasurswdi sinthu srswtphrahmin itrewnisngkhm srswtipuskaramhmayehtu aekikhxangxing aekikh Kinsley 1998 p 10 55 57 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux EB Sarasvati Kalyanaraman S b k 2008 Vedic River Sarasvati and Hindu Civilization Aryan Books International PP 308 ISBN 978 81 7305 365 8 brrnanukrm aekikh Anthony David W 2007 The Horse The Wheel And Language How Bronze Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World Princeton University Press Beckwith Christopher I 16 March 2009 Empires of the Silk Road A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present Princeton University Press ISBN 978 1400829941 subkhnemux 30 December 2014 Bryant Edwin 2001 The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 513777 4 Chatterjee Anirban Ray Jyotiranjan S Shukla Anil D Pande Kanchan 2019 11 20 On the existence of a perennial river in the Harappan heartland Scientific Reports phasaxngkvs 9 1 17221 Bibcode 2019NatSR 917221C doi 10 1038 s41598 019 53489 4 ISSN 2045 2322 PMC 6868222 PMID 31748611 Danino Michel 2010 The Lost River On the trail of the Sarasvati Penguin Books India Darian Steven G 2001 5 Ganga and Sarasvati The Transformation of Myth The Ganges in Myth and History Motilal Banarsidass Publ ISBN 978 81 208 1757 9 Eck Diana L 2012 India A Sacred Geography Clarkson Potter Ten Speed Harmony ISBN 978 0 385 53191 7 Clift aelakhna 2012 U Pb zircon dating evidence for a Pleistocene Sarasvati River and capture of the Yamuna River Geology 40 3 211 214 Bibcode 2012Geo 40 211C doi 10 1130 g32840 1 S2CID 130765891 Flood Gavin D 1996 An Introduction to Hinduism Cambridge University Press Giosan aelakhna 2012 Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization PNAS 109 26 E1688 E1694 Bibcode 2012PNAS 109E1688G doi 10 1073 pnas 1112743109 PMC 3387054 PMID 22645375 Gupta S P ed 1995 The lost Saraswati and the Indus Civilization Kusumanjali Prakashan Jodhpur Hock Hans 1999 Through a Glass Darkly Modern Racial Interpretations vs Textual and General Prehistoric Evidence on Arya and Dasa Dasyu in Vedic Indo Aryan Society in Aryan and Non Aryan in South Asia ed Bronkhorst amp Deshpande Ann Arbor Keith and Macdonell 1912 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects Kinsley David 1998 Hindu Goddesses Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition Motilal Banarsidass Publ ISBN 978 81 208 0394 7 Kochhar Rajesh On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgved ic river Sarasvati in Archaeology and Language III Artefacts languages and texts Routledge 1999 ISBN 0 415 10054 2 Kochhar Rajesh 2012 On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgved ic river Sarasvati Archaeology and Language III Artefacts languages and texts Routledge Lal B B 2002 The Saraswati Flows on the Continuity of Indian Culture New Delhi Aryan Books International Ludvik Catherine 2007 Sarasvati Riverine Goddess of Knowledge From the Manuscript carrying Viṇa player to the Weapon wielding Defender of the Dharma BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 15814 6 Michaels Axel 2004 Hinduism Past and present Princeton New Jersey Princeton University Press Mukherjee Ashoke 2001 RIGVEDIC SARASVATI MYTH AND REALITY PDF Breakthrough Breakthrough Science Society 9 1 Oldham R D 1893 The Sarsawati and the Lost River of the Indian Desert Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1893 49 76 Puri VKM and Verma BC Glaciological and Geological Source of Vedic Sarasvati in the Himalayas New Delhi Itihas Darpan Vol IV No 2 1998 Glaciological and geological source of Vedic Sarasvati in the Himalayas Prasad R U S 2017 River and Goddess Worship in India Changing Perceptions and Manifestations of Sarasvati Routledge doi 10 4324 9781315209401 ISBN 9781315209401 Radhakrishna B P and Merh S S editors Vedic Saraswati Evolutionary History of a Lost River of Northwestern India 1999 Geological Society of India Memoir 42 Bangalore Review on page 3 Review lingkesiy Shaffer Jim G 1995 Cultural tradition and Palaeoethnicity in South Asian Archaeology in George Erdosy b k Indo Aryans of Ancient South Asia ISBN 978 3 11 014447 5 Singh Ajit 2017 Counter intuitive influence of Himalayan river morphodynamics on Indus Civilisation urban settlements Nature Communications 8 1 1617 Bibcode 2017NatCo 8 1617S doi 10 1038 s41467 017 01643 9 PMC 5705636 PMID 29184098 Sinha Rajiv Singh Ajit Tandon Sampat 25 July 2020 Fluvial archives of north and northwestern India as recorders of climatic signatures in the late Quaternary review and assessment Current Science 119 2 S G Talageri The RigVeda A Historical Analysis chapter 4 Valdiya K S 2002 Saraswati The River That Disappeared Universities Press India Hyderabad ISBN 978 81 7371 403 0 Valdiya K S 2013 The River Saraswati was a Himalayan born river PDF Current Science 104 1 42 Wilke Annette 2011 Sound and Communication An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism Walter de Gruyter ISBN 978 3 11 018159 3 Witzel Michael 1984 Sur le chemin du ciel PDF Witzel Michael 2001 Autochthonous Aryans The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts PDF Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 7 3 1 93 Witzel Michael 2005 Indocentrism in Bryant Edwin Patton Laurie L b k TheE Indo Aryan Controversy Evidence and inference in Indian history Routledge Witzel Michael 2012 The Origins of the World s Mythologies Oxford University Pressxanephim aekikhChakrabarti D K amp Saini S 2009 The problem of the Sarasvati River and notes on the archaeological geography of Haryana and Indian Panjab New Delhi Aryan Books International An archaeological tour along the Ghaggar Hakra River by Aurel Steinaehlngkhxmulxun aekikhkhxmmxns miphaphaelasuxekiywkb aemnasrswdi wikikhakhmmikhakhmekiywkb aemnasrswdi Is River Ghaggar Saraswati by Tripathi Bock Rajamani Eir Saraswati the ancient river lost in the desert by A V Sankaran Sarasvati research and Education Trust Map પ રદ શ નદ ન તટપ રદ શ બ ઝ ન સરસ વત Regional River Basin Saraswati Basin Narmada Water Resources Water Supply and Kalpsar Department ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title aemnasrswdi amp oldid 9211355, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,

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