"Global Volcanism Program - Hoodoo Mountain". volcano.si.edu.
Dosseto, A. (2011). Turner, S. P.; Van-Orman, J. A. (บ.ก.). Timescales of Magmatic Processes: From Core to Atmosphere. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN978-1-4443-3260-5.
Rothery, David A. (27 August 2010). Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Tsunamis. Teach Yourself. ISBN978-1444103113.
ธันวาคม 06, 2021
ชน, การระเบ, ดของภ, เขาไฟ, งกฤษ, volcanic, explosivity, index, เป, นมาตราส, มพ, ทธ, ของการระเบ, ดของภ, เขาไฟ, คร, สโตเฟอร, วฮอลล, แห, งหน, วยงานสำรวจธรณ, ทยาสหร, ฐอเมร, กาและสต, เฟน, เซลฟ, มหาว, ทยาล, ยฮาวาย, ดค, นเม, อป, 1982ความส, มพ, นธ, นระหว, างด, ชน, ควา. dchnikarraebidkhxngphuekhaif xngkvs Volcanic Explosivity Index VEI epnmatrasmphththkhxngkarraebidkhxngphuekhaif khrisotefxr ci niwhxllaehnghnwyngansarwcthrniwithyashrthxemrikaaelastiefn eslf thimhawithyalyhaway khidkhnemuxpi 1982khwamsmphnthknrahwangdchnikhwampathuidkhxngphuekhaifaelaprimantkkrathb primankhxngphlphlit khwamsungkhxngemkhthiekidcakkarpathu aelakarsngektkarnechingkhunphaph ichephuxkahndkhakhxngkarraebid matraniepnmatraplayepidodymikhnadkhxngkickrrmphuekhaifthiihythisudinprawtisastrthi 8 sungkhaerimcak 0 sahrbphuekhaifthiimidraebid odyniyamwanxykwa 10 000 m 3 khxngethbphrathiphungxxkma aela 8 caniyamthungkarraebidkhrngmhuma sungsamarthphnethbphraxxkmaid 1 0 1012 m 3 aelamiemkhsunginaenwtngkwa 20 kiolemtr matraswnniepnlxkarithumkbaetlachwngewlainmatrathiaesdngthungkarephimkhunepnsibethaineknthkarphungthisngektid ykewn VEI 0 1 aela 2 1 karcdradb aekikhdchninnerimcakradb 0 thung 8 odydchnikarraebidkhxngphuekhaifnnekiywkhxngkbkarpathu khunkbwamiwsthuphuekhaifnnthukphnxxkmamaknxyephiyngid khwamsungethair aelamirayaewlainkarpathunanethaid matraswntngaet VEI 2 khunipnnepnaebblxkxlithum odykarephimkhunthukkhrng 1 radbcaaesdngthungkarpathuthimiphlngmakephimkhunepnsibetha intarangtxipniaesdngthungkhwamthikhxngaetla VEI aelakhaodypramankhxngkarpathuihmkhxng VEI nnhruxsungkwa radbVEI primatrmwlsarpathu karcdradb khaxthibay ethapathu khwamthi karphnkhunipbnchnothrphxsefiyr karphnkhunipbnchnstraotsefiyr 2 twxyang0 lt 104 m 3 hawayexiyn lnxxkma Effusive lt 100 m txenuxng nxynid immiphuekhahudu praman 7050 pikxnkhristskrach 3 exxribs 2506 khielaewxa 2520 ekaaosokror 2536 mxwsnphikh 2549 dlol 2554 pitn edx la fwrens 2560 1 gt 104 m 3 hawayexiyn strxmobeliyn eba Gentle 100 m 1 km raywn elknxy immistrxmobli pathumatngaetsmyckrwrrdiormnobran yirakxngok 2545 ekaaraxul 2549 2 gt 106 m3 strxmobeliyn wulkhaeniyn raebid Explosive 1 5 km 2 spdah panklang immixngesn 2335 kumebrwiexkha 2492 kaelrs 2536 sinabung 2553 wakaxari 2562 3 gt 107 m 3 wulkhaeniyn epeliyn sbphlieniyn mhntphy Catastrophic 3 15 km 3 eduxn makmay epnipidlasesnphikh 2458 enwaodedlruys 2528 osfriaexrhils 2538 xngthaeka 2557 xankkrakatw 2561 4 gt 0 1 km 3 epeliyn phlieniyn sbphlieniyn hayna Cataclysmic gt 10 km aebbphlieniynhruxsbphlieniyn 18 eduxn makmay aennxntaxl 2292 laki 2326 khielaewxa 2333 mayxn 2357 epxel 2445 oklima 2456 sakuracima 2457 khatw 2461 kalungkung 2525 exyafyatlaeyxkhutl 2553 emxrapi 2553 enobr 2554 klbuok 2558 5 gt 1 km 3 epeliyn phlieniyn pathu Paroxysmic gt 10 km aebbphlieniyn 12 pi makmay minysakhywisuewiys 622 fuci 2250 phuekhatharaewra 2429 phuekhaxakung 2506 esntehelns 2523 exlchichn 2525 phuekhahudsn 2534 pueyxwy 2554 6 gt 10 km 3 phlieniyn xltraphlieniyn mhuma Colossal gt 20 km 50 100 pi makmay makmayphuekhaifthaelsablakha praman 12 900 pikxnkhristkal phuekhaeweniyminxf praman 1750 pikxnkhristkal thaelsabxiolpngok 1078 xwynaputina 2143 krakatw 2426 santamaeriy 2445 onwarphta 2455 pinatuob 2534 7 gt 100 km 3 xltraphlieniyn mhamhuma Super colossal gt 20 km 500 1 000 pi makmay makmayaemsama praman 5600 pikxnkhristkal thira praman 1620 pikxnkhristkal taxuop 723 aephktu 1489 samals phuekharincani 1800 tmobra 2538 8 gt 1000 km 3 xltraphlieniyn xphimhamhuma Mega colossal gt 20 km gt 50 000 pi 4 5 mohlar mohlarlaaekhritaaekhledra 26 3 lanpikxn eylolwsotn 630 000 pikxnkhristkal otba 74 000 pikxnkhristkal taxuop 25 360 pikxnkhristkal xangxing aekikh Newhall Christopher G Self Stephen 1982 The Volcanic Explosivity Index VEI An Estimate of Explosive Magnitude for Historical Volcanism PDF Journal of Geophysical Research 87 C2 1231 1238 Bibcode 1982JGR 87 1231N doi 10 1029 JC087iC02p01231 khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim PDF emux December 13 2013 Volcanic Explosivity Index VEI Global Volcanism Program Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux November 10 2011 subkhnemux August 21 2014 Global Volcanism Program Hoodoo Mountain volcano si edu Dosseto A 2011 Turner S P Van Orman J A b k Timescales of Magmatic Processes From Core to Atmosphere Wiley Blackwell ISBN 978 1 4443 3260 5 Rothery David A 27 August 2010 Volcanoes Earthquakes and Tsunamis Teach Yourself ISBN 978 1444103113 ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title dchnikarraebidkhxngphuekhaif amp oldid 9385908, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,