↑ Nikki R. Keddie, Nael Shama (2014). "Afghānī, Jamāl al-Dīn al-". ใน Oliver Leaman (บ.ก.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. In 1897 al-Afghānī died of cancer of the jaw. No evidence supports the story that he was poisoned by the sultan. In 1944, his remains were transferred to Kabul, Afghanistan, and a mausoleum was erected there.
"AFḠĀNĪ, JAMĀL-AL-DĪN" (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Encyclopaedia Iranica. 22 July 2011. In Hyderabad 1880-81 Afḡānī published six Persian articles in the journal Moʿallem-e šafīq, which were reprinted in Urdu and Persian in various editions of Maqālāt-e Jamālīya. The three major themes of these articles are: 1. advocacy of linguistic or territorial nationalism, with an emphasis upon the unity of Indian Muslims and Hindus, not of Indian Muslims and foreign Muslims; 2. the benefits of philosophy and modern science; and 3. attacks on Sayyed Aḥmad Khan as a tool of the British. On nationalism, he writes in “The Philosophy of National Unity and the Truth about Unity of Language” that linguistic ties are stronger and more durable than religious ones (he was to make exactly the opposite point in the pan-Islamic al-ʿOrwat al-woṯqā a few years later). In India he felt the best anti-imperialist policy was Hindu-Muslim unity, while in Europe he felt it was pan-Islam.
Stéphane A. Dudoignon; Hisao Komatsu; Yasushi Kosugi (2006). Intellectuals in the Modern Islamic World: Transmission, Transformation, Communication. New horizons in Islamic studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 42. ISBN0415368359.
Said Amir Arjomand (1988). Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism. SUNY series in Near Eastern studies. SUNY Press. p. 120. ISBN0887066380.
Ahmad Hasan Dani (2005). Chahryar Adle (บ.ก.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period: from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century. History of Civilizations of Central Asia. UNESCO. p. 465. ISBN9231039857.
สารานุกรม
Bashiri, Iraj, Bashiri Working Papers on Central Asia and Iran, 2000.
Black, Antony (2001). The History of Islamic Political Thought. New York: Routledge. ISBN0-415-93243-2.
Cleveland, William (2004). A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN0-8133-4048-9.
Keddie, Nikki Ragozin. Sayyid Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani: A Political biography. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972. ISBN 978-0-520-01986-7
Pankaj Mishra (2012). "Strange Odyssey of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani". From the Ruins of Empire:The Intellectuals Who Remade Asia. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN0374249598.
Watt, William Montgomery (1985). Islamic Philosophy and Theology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN0-7486-0749-8.
Mehrdad Kia, Pan-Islamism in Late Nineteenth-Century Iran, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 30–52 (1996).
Moazzam, Anwar (1984). Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani, A Muslim Intellectual. New Delhi. ISBN978-81-7022-150-0.
Jamal-ad-Din Afghani, a comprehensive article in Encyclopædia Iranica.
สิงหาคม 24, 2021
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4 0 4 1 Nikki R Keddie Nael Shama 2014 Afghani Jamal al Din al in Oliver Leaman b k The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics Oxford University Press In 1897 al Afghani died of cancer of the jaw No evidence supports the story that he was poisoned by the sultan In 1944 his remains were transferred to Kabul Afghanistan and a mausoleum was erected there AFḠANi JAMAL AL DiN phasaxngkvs Encyclopaedia Iranica 22 July 2011 In Hyderabad 1880 81 Afḡani published six Persian articles in the journal Moʿallem e safiq which were reprinted in Urdu and Persian in various editions of Maqalat e Jamaliya The three major themes of these articles are 1 advocacy of linguistic or territorial nationalism with an emphasis upon the unity of Indian Muslims and Hindus not of Indian Muslims and foreign Muslims 2 the benefits of philosophy and modern science and 3 attacks on Sayyed Aḥmad Khan as a tool of the British On nationalism he writes in The Philosophy of National Unity and the Truth about Unity of Language that linguistic ties are stronger and more durable than religious ones he was to make exactly the opposite point in the pan Islamic al ʿOrwat al woṯqa a few years later In India he felt the best anti imperialist policy was Hindu Muslim unity while in Europe he felt it was pan Islam 6 0 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux Keddie 7 0 7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 7 5 N R Keddie 15 December 1983 Afghan Jamal ad Din Encyclopaedia Iranica subkhnemux 5 September 2010 Afghan Jamal ad Din al Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies Oxford University Press subkhnemux 5 September 2010 Jamal ad Din al Afghan Elie Kedourie The Online Encyclopaedia Britannica subkhnemux 5 September 2010 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux JVL Stephane A Dudoignon Hisao Komatsu Yasushi Kosugi 2006 Intellectuals in the Modern Islamic World Transmission Transformation Communication New horizons in Islamic studies Taylor amp Francis p 42 ISBN 0415368359 Said Amir Arjomand 1988 Authority and Political Culture in Shi ism SUNY series in Near Eastern studies SUNY Press p 120 ISBN 0887066380 Ahmad Hasan Dani 2005 Chahryar Adle b k History of Civilizations of Central Asia Towards the contemporary period from the mid nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century History of Civilizations of Central Asia UNESCO p 465 ISBN 9231039857 saranukrm aekikhBashiri Iraj Bashiri Working Papers on Central Asia and Iran 2000 Black Antony 2001 The History of Islamic Political Thought New York Routledge ISBN 0 415 93243 2 Cleveland William 2004 A History of the Modern Middle East Boulder CO Westview Press ISBN 0 8133 4048 9 Keddie Nikki Ragozin Sayyid Jamal ad Din al Afghani A Political biography Berkeley University of California Press 1972 ISBN 978 0 520 01986 7 Pankaj Mishra 2012 Strange Odyssey of Jamal al Din al Afghani From the Ruins of Empire The Intellectuals Who Remade Asia New York Farrar Straus and Giroux ISBN 0374249598 Watt William Montgomery 1985 Islamic Philosophy and Theology Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press ISBN 0 7486 0749 8 Mehrdad Kia Pan Islamism in Late Nineteenth Century Iran Middle Eastern Studies Vol 32 No 1 pp 30 52 1996 Moazzam Anwar 1984 Jamal Al Din Al Afghani A Muslim Intellectual New Delhi ISBN 978 81 7022 150 0 aehlngkhxmulxun aekikhkhxmmxns miphaphaelasuxekiywkb camaluddin xlxfkani wikikhakhmmikhakhmekiywkb camaluddin xlxfkani Jamal ad Din Afghani a comprehensive article in Encyclopaedia Iranica ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title camaluddin xlxfkani amp oldid 9224248, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
