This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.)"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:
"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:
"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]
ไฟล, studio, publicity, gardner, ไฟล, ประว, ไฟล, หน, าท, ภาพน, การใช, ไฟล, วนกลาง, อม, ลเก, ยวก, บภาพขนาดของต, วอย, างน, กเซล, ความละเอ, ยดอ, กเซล, กเซล, ภาพท, ความละเอ, ยดส, งกว, 8206, กเซล, ขนาดไฟล, โลไบต, ชน, ดไมม, image, jpeg, ปภาพหร, อไฟล, เส, ยงน, นฉบ, บ. ifl prawtiifl hnathimiphaphni karichiflswnklang khxmulekiywkbphaphkhnadkhxngtwxyangni 482 599 phikesl khwamlaexiydxun 193 240 phikesl 499 620 phikesl duphaphthimikhwamlaexiydsungkwa 8206 499 620 phikesl khnadifl 46 kiolibt chnidimm image jpeg rupphaphhruxiflesiyngni tnchbbxyuthi khxmmxns raylaexiyddanlang epnkhxkhwamthiaesdngphlcak ifltnchbbinkhxmmxns khxmmxnsepnewbistinokhrngkarsahrbekbrwbrwmsuxesri thi khunsamarthchwyid khaxthibayStudio publicity Ava Gardner jpg Promotional photograph of actor Ava Gardner 1940 e wnthi imthrabwnUnknown dateaehlngthima http www acertaincinema com browse person ava gardner p1 3 amp p2 1 amp p3 1 amp p4 1phusrangsrrkh Unknown authorUnknown authorkarxnuyat karichiflniihm Public domain Public domain false falseThis work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1928 and 1963 and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice the copyright was not renewed For further explanation see Commons Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works depending on the date of the author s death such as Canada 50 years p m a Mainland China 50 years p m a not Hong Kong or Macao Germany 70 years p m a Mexico 100 years p m a Switzerland 70 years p m a and other countries with individual treaties العربية Deutsch English espanol francais galego italiano 日本語 한국어 makedonski portugues portugues do Brasil russkij sicilianu ukrayinska 简体中文 繁體中文 This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook Focal Press 2001 p 211 Publicity photos star headshots have traditionally not been copyrighted Since they are disseminated to the public they are generally considered public domain and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary Nancy Wolff includes a similar explanation There is a vast body of photographs including but not limited to publicity stills that have no notice as to who may have created them The Professional Photographer s Legal Handbook By Nancy E Wolff Allworth Communications 2007 p 55 Film industry author Gerald Mast in Film Study and the Copyright Law 1989 p 87 writes According to the old copyright act such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film s copyright owner a five year period in which to copyright the stills Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible Kristin Thompson committee chairperson of the for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors that they expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements and some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs 1 khabrryayodyyxithyephimkhabrryaythrrthdediywephuxkhyaykhwamwaiflnimixairxngkvsAva Gardner approx 1952 54 with hairstyle similar to that in The Barefoot Contessa 1954 ixethmthiaesdngxyuiniflniprakxbdwyMIME type xngkvsimage jpeg prawtiifl khlikwnthi ewlaephuxduiflthipraktinkhnann wnthi ewlarupyxkhnadphuichkhwamehn pccubn23 57 15 mithunayn 2555499 620 46 kiolibt Celest ru hnathimiphaphni hnatxipni oyngmathiphaphni ph s 2533 exwa kardenxr karichiflswnklang wikixuntxipniichiflni karichbn af wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn arz wikipedia org افا جاردنر karichbn ast wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn az wikipedia org Ava Qardner karichbn bn wikipedia org আভ গ র ডন র karichbn ca wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn cs wikipedia org 1990 Ava Gardner karichbn en wikipedia org Ava Gardner 1990 in the United States karichbn eo wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn es wikipedia org Anos 1940 Anos 1950 Wikiproyecto Mujeres en Portada Diciembre 2022 karichbn et wikipedia org Vikipeedia Andmeparingud Puuduvad naised Vikipeedia Andmeparingud Isikud Britannicas karichbn eu wikipedia org Urtarrilaren 25 Ava Gardner Txantiloi Heriotza garrantzitsuenak 1 25 Mundua karichbn fi wikipedia org Kayttaja Fiwiki tools bot kuvattomat 21 Kayttaja Fiwiki tools bot kuvattomat 30 Kayttaja Fiwiki tools bot kuvattomat 37 karichbn fr wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn gl wikipedia org Wikipedia Lista de mulleres con artigo na Wikipedia en galego karichbn he wikipedia org 1990 אווה גרדנר karichbn hy wikipedia org Ավա Գարդներ Պորտալ Կինո Այս ամիսը կինոյի պատմության մեջ Հունվար karichbn id wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn incubator wikimedia org Wp sdc 25 Ginnaggiu karichbn it wikipedia org Ava nome karichbn lb wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn nl wikipedia org Gebruiker RonnieV Lijst van personen geboren in 1922 Gebruiker RonnieV Lijst van personen geboren op 24 december Gebruiker RonnieBot afbeeldingen 16 1500 karichbn nn wikipedia org Brukar Jon Harald Soby WMNO UK2018 47 karichbn pl wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn pt wikipedia org 24 de dezembro Ava Gardner karichbn ro wikipedia org Listă de oameni din statul Carolina de Nord karichbn ru wikinews org Kategoriya Ava Gardner karichbn simple wikipedia org 1990 1922 Ava Gardner karichbn sl wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn smn wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn su wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn sv wikipedia org Ava Gardner karichbn vi wikipedia org 1990 Danh sach 100 ngoi sao điện ảnh của Viện phim Mỹ dukarichthwolkephimetimkhxngiflnikhxmulekiywkbphaph phaphnimikhxmulephimetim sungswnihymacakklxngdicitxlhruxsaeknenxrthisamarthekbkhxmuldngklawiwrwmkbphaphid thaphaphnithukprbprungaekikhhruxepliynaeplngcakedim khxmulbangxyangcayngkhngimepliynaeplngehmuxnphaphthithukprbprungaekikhnnkhwamehnifl JPEGborder bs 0 bc 000000 ps 0 pc eeeeee es 0 ec 000000 ck 500d02a4f1f1d7497340cc586896bf11 ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org wiki ifl Studio publicity Ava Gardner jpg, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
