McLellan, B.N.; Proctor, M.F.; Huber, D.; Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2017: e.T41688A121229971. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41688A121229971.en.
Kingsley, M. C. S.; Nagy, J. A.; Russell, R. H. (1983). "Patterns of weight gain and loss for grizzly bears in northern Canada". Bears: Their Biology and Management. 5: 174–178. doi:10.2307/3872535. JSTOR 3872535. S2CID 90555276.
Hissa, R.; Hohtola, E.; Tuomala-Saramäki, T.; Laine, T. (1998). "Seasonal changes in fatty acids and leptin contents in the plasma of the European brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos)". Annales Zoologici Fennici. 35 (#4): 215–224. JSTOR 23735612.
บรรณานุกรม
Heptner V.G.; Sludskii, A.A. (1992). Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 2. Leiden u.a.: Brill. ISBN978-90-04-08876-4.
Vaisfeld, M.A. and Chestin I. E., บ.ก. (1993). Bears: Brown Bear, Polar Bear, Asian Black Bear. Distribution, ecology, use and protection (ภาษารัสเซีย และ อังกฤษ). Moscow: Nauka. ISBN978-5020035676.
หม, ำตาล, วงเวลาท, ตอย, preЄ, สม, ยไพลสโตซ, นตอนกลาง, สม, ยโฮโลซ, นสถานะการอน, กษ, ความเส, ยงต, iucn, การจำแนกช, นทางว, ทยาศาสตร, อาณาจ, กร, animaliaไฟล, chordataช, mammaliaอ, นด, carnivoraวงศ, ursidaeสก, ursusสป, arctosช, อทว, นามursus, arctoslinnaeus, 1758ชน. hmisinatalchwngewlathimichiwitxyu 0 5 0Ma PreYe Ye O S D C P T J K Pg N smyiphlsotsintxnklang smyoholsinsthanakarxnurkskhwamesiyngta IUCN 3 1 1 karcaaenkchnthangwithyasastrxanackr Animaliaiflm Chordatachn Mammaliaxndb Carnivorawngs Ursidaeskul Ursusspichis U arctoschuxthwinamUrsus arctosLinnaeus 1758chnidyxy 2 Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam 1896 Ursus arctos arctos Linnaeus 1758 Ursus arctos beringianus Middendorff 1851 Ursus arctos californicus Merriam 1896 Ursus arctos collaris F G Cuvier 1824 Ursus arctos crowtheri Schinz 1844 Ursus arctos dalli Merriam 1896 Ursus arctos gyas Merriam 1902 Ursus arctos horribilis Ord 1815 Ursus arctos isabellinus Horsfield 1826 Ursus arctos lasiotus Gray 1867 Ursus arctos middendorffi Merriam 1896 Ursus arctos pruinosus Blyth 1854 Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam 1896 Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam 1914 Ursus arctos syriacus Hemprich amp Ehrenberg 1828aephnthiaesdngkarkracayphnthu hmisinatal xngkvs brown bear chuxwithyasastr Ursus arctos epnstweliynglukdwynminxndbstwkinenux Carnivora khnadihychnidhnungcdepnhmithimikhnadihymak odytwphumikhnadihykwatwemiy emuxyun 4 ethamikhwamsungthung 5 fut aelaemuxyundwy 2 etha xacsungthung 9 fut aetyunidinrayaewlasn ethann twphuemuxotetmthixacminahnkmakthung 1 000 pxnd swntwemiyxacminahnkmakkwa 450 pxndmikhnsinataltlxdthnglatw xnepnthimakhxngchux mipumhruxenintrnghwihl khnaelaelbyaw micmukthiihy aetmiibhukhnadelkaetcamikhnsiekhmhruxxxniptamsphaphaewdlxmaelaphumipraethsthixasy rwmthungkhnadtwdwy sungthuxepnchnidyxy duintarang odykracayphnthuipinphunthi kwangiklmak tngaetxaaelska aekhnada rsesiy hlayphunthiinyuorp aelatamaenwethuxkekhahimalyinxinediy enpal aelacin aelatawnxxkklanghmisinatalkinxaharidhlakhlaymak thngphuchaelastw odyhakepnphuchmkcaepnphlimpraephthebxrri bangkhrngkinstwkhnadelk echn aemlng hrux hnu aetbangkhrngkkinstwihy echn ma wwpa kwang rwmthungsakstw inchwngvdukalthimixaharsmburn xaharthihmisinatalchxbmak khux plaaeslmxn aelaplaethrathmisinataltwemiytxngmixayu 4 thung 10 pi cungcaekhasuwyecriyphnthu aelaihkaenidlukodyechliy 2 tw inrayaewla 4 pi vdukalphsmphnthuxyuinchwngplayvduibimphlithungtnvdurxn aemhmicaihkaenidlukinchwngeduxnmkrakhm minakhm pkti 2 3 tw odylukhmithiekidihmcayngimlumta aelayngimmikhn lukhmicaxasyxyuinthathiaemhmikhudkhunmacnkrathngthungeduxnemsayn hruxxacthungeduxnmithunayn aelaerimhyanmemuxxayupraman 5 eduxn aelaerimeriynruwa phuchhruxstwpraephthihnthiichepnxahar lukhmicaxyukbaemxyangnxyxik 1 pi hruxmakkwann caknncungerimaeyktwxxkip swninvduhnaw hmisinatalcacasilinthaepnrayaewlaraw 2 eduxn odyichphlngngancakikhmnthisasmiw 3 4 xangxing aekikh McLellan B N Proctor M F Huber D Michel S 2017 Ursus arctos The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN 2017 e T41688A121229971 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T41688A121229971 en Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 phasaxngkvs itis gov Kingsley M C S Nagy J A Russell R H 1983 Patterns of weight gain and loss for grizzly bears in northern Canada Bears Their Biology and Management 5 174 178 doi 10 2307 3872535 JSTOR 3872535 S2CID 90555276 Hissa R Hohtola E Tuomala Saramaki T Laine T 1998 Seasonal changes in fatty acids and leptin contents in the plasma of the European brown bear Ursus arctos arctos Annales Zoologici Fennici 35 4 215 224 JSTOR 23735612 brrnanukrm aekikhHeptner V G Sludskii A A 1992 Mammals of the Soviet Union Volume II Part 2 Leiden u a Brill ISBN 978 90 04 08876 4 Vaisfeld M A and Chestin I E b k 1993 Bears Brown Bear Polar Bear Asian Black Bear Distribution ecology use and protection phasarsesiy aela xngkvs Moscow Nauka ISBN 978 5020035676 aehlngkhxmulxun aekikhkhxmmxns miphaphaelasuxekiywkb Ursus arctos khxmulekiywkhxngkb Ursus arctos cakwikispichisBrown Bear profile cak National Geographic Bear Hunting Altered Genetics More Than Ice Age Isolation Ancient Fossil Offers New Clues To Brown Bears Past bthkhwamekiywkbstwniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodyephimkhxmul duephimthi sthaniyxy olkkhxngstwekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title hmisinatal amp oldid 9532474, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
