สัญลักษณ์เคมี "K" ของธาตุโพแทสเซียม เป็นตัวย่อของคำว่า "คาเลียม" (Kalium) แต่ก็ยังมีการใช้ชื่อธาตุว่า คาเลียม ในบางภาษา เช่น เยอรมัน หรือ รัสเซีย ก่อนหน้านั้นโพแทสเซียมถูกเสนอให้มีสัญลักษณ์ว่า Po ซึ่งไปชนกับพอโลเนียม ที่มีสัญลักษณ์ทางเคมีว่า Po เหมือนกัน
Caesium เป็นการสะกดที่เสนอโดย สหภาพเคมีบริสุทธิ์และเคมีประยุกต์ระหว่างประเทศ (ไอยูแพก). ส่วนสมาคมเคมีอเมริกัน (เอซีเอส) ใช้การสะกดว่า Cesium มาตั้งแต่ พ.ศ. 2464, following Webster’s Third New International Dictionary.
ในระบบตั้งชื่อหมู่ของไอยูแพกเก่านั้น มันถูกตั้งชื่อว่า หมู่ IA (อ่านว่า "หมู่หนึ่งเอ" โดย "I" เป็นระบบเลขโรมัน)
The number given in parentheses refers to the measurement uncertainty. This uncertainty applies to the least significant figure(s) of the number prior to the parenthesized value (ie. counting from rightmost digit to left). For instance, 1.00794(7) stands for 1.00794±0.00007, while 1.00794(72) stands for 1.00794±0.00072.
The value listed is the conventional value suitable for trade and commerce; the actual value may range from 6.938 to 6.997 depending on the isotopic composition of the sample.
The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element.
The quoted values are for the tetracoordinate ions, except for Rb+ and Cs+ where they are for the hexacoordinate ion.
Coghill, Anne M.; Garson, Lorrin R., บ.ก. (2006). The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. p. 127. ISBN0-8412-3999-1..
Coplen, T. B.; Peiser, H. S. (1998). "History of the recommended atomic-weight values from 1882 to 1997: a comparison of differences from current values to the estimated uncertainties of earlier values" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 70 (1): 237–257. doi:10.1351/pac199870010237..
Leach, Mark R. (1999–2012). "The Internet Database of Periodic Tables". meta-synthesis.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 May 2012.
↑ Royal Society of Chemistry. "Visual Elements: Group 1 – The Alkali Metals". Visual Elements. Royal Society of Chemistry. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 January 2012.
"Periodic Table: Atomic Properties of the Elements" (PDF). nist.gov. National Institute of Standards and Technology. September 2010. สืบค้นเมื่อ 17 February 2012.
↑ The OpenLearn team (2012). "Alkali metals". OpenLearn. The Open University. สืบค้นเมื่อ 9 July 2012.
Fluck, E. (1988). "New Notations in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem.IUPAC. 60 (3): 431–436. doi:10.1351/pac198860030431. สืบค้นเมื่อ 24 March 2012.
"Standard Uncertainty and Relative Standard Uncertainty". CODATA reference. National Institute of Standards and Technology. สืบค้นเมื่อ 26 September 2011.
↑ Wieser, Michael E.; Berglund, Michael (2009). "Atomic weights of the elements 2007 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem.IUPAC. 81 (11): 2131–2156. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-09-08-03. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 February 2012.
↑ Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2011). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem.IUPAC. 83 (2): 359–396. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 February 2012.
Klehr, Wolfram (21 May 2007). "Francium". apsidium.com. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 9 May 2008. สืบค้นเมื่อ 25 April 2012.
↑ Clark, Jim (2005). "Atomic and Physical Properties of the Group 1 Elements". chemguide. สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 January 2012.
สิงหาคม 04, 2021
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khwamhnaaenn g cm 3 0 534 0 968 0 89 1 532 1 93 1 87khwamrxnaefngkhxngkarhlxmehlw kJ mol 1 3 00 2 60 2 321 2 19 2 09 2khwamrxnaefngkhxngkarklayepnix kJ mol 1 136 97 42 79 1 69 66 1 65khwamrxnaefngkhxngkarcbtw khxngaekshlayxatxm kJ mol 1 162 108 89 6 82 0 78 2 sphaphtanthaniffa thi 298 K nW cm 94 7 48 8 73 9 131 208 rsmixatxm pm 152 186 227 248 265 rsmiixxxnik khxngixxxn M pm note 8 76 102 138 152 167 180phlngnganixxxineschnladbthi 1 kJ mol 1 520 2 495 8 418 8 403 0 375 7 392 8smphrrkhphaphxielktrxn kJ mol 1 59 62 52 87 48 38 46 89 45 51 44 0khwamrxnaefngkhxngkarkracaytw of M2 kJ mol 1 106 5 73 6 57 3 45 6 44 77 xielkotrenkatiwitikhxngphxling 0 98 0 93 0 82 0 82 0 79 0 7Standard electrode potential E M M0 V 3 0401 2 71 2 931 2 98 3 026 2 9sikhxngkarthdsxbeplwifPrincipal emission absorption wavelength nm Crimson670 8 ehluxng589 2 mwng766 5 mwngaedng780 0 naengin455 5 olhaaexlkhailmikhwamkhlaykbthatuinhmuxunmakkwathithatuhmuxunehmuxn 6 echn emuxillngiptamtarangthatu olhaaexlkhailthuktwthithrabcamirsmixatxmephimkhun 38 xielkotrenkatiwitildlng 38 khwamrunaernginkarthaptikiriyaephimkhun 6 aelacudhlxmehlwkbcudeduxdldlng 38 echnediywkbkhwamrxnaefngkhxngkarhlxmehlwaelaklayepnix 9 75 odythwipkhwamhnaaenncatxngephimkhunemuxillngiptamhmukhxngtarangthatu aetmikhxykewn khux ophaethsesiymmikhwamhnaaennnxykwaosediym 38 aetmihnunginsmbtikhxngolhaaexlkhailthixthibayimidodyaenwonmphirixxdikkhux skyridxks khaskyridxkskhxngliethiymmikhwamphidpkti enuxngdwyepnkhalbkwathatuxuninhmuediywkn 9 75 ephraawaixxxn Li mikhaphlngnganihedrchninsthanaaekssungmak 9 75echingxrrth aekikh sylksnekhmi Na khxngthatuosediymepntwyxkhxngkhawa naethriym Natrium sungepnkhainphasalatin aelayngmikarichchuxnixyuinbangphasa echn eyxrmn hruxrsesiy kxnhnannosediymthukesnxwaihmisylksnekhmiwa So sylksnekhmi K khxngthatuophaethsesiym epntwyxkhxngkhawa khaeliym Kalium aetkyngmikarichchuxthatuwa khaeliym inbangphasa echn eyxrmn hrux rsesiy kxnhnannophaethsesiymthukesnxihmisylksnwa Po sungipchnkbphxoleniym thimisylksnthangekhmiwa Po ehmuxnkn Caesium epnkarsakdthiesnxody shphaphekhmibrisuththiaelaekhmiprayuktrahwangpraeths ixyuaephk 1 swnsmakhmekhmixemrikn exsiexs ichkarsakdwa Cesium matngaet ph s 2464 2 3 following Webster s Third New International Dictionary inrabbtngchuxhmukhxngixyuaephkekann mnthuktngchuxwa hmu IA xanwa hmuhnungex ody I epnrabbelkhormn 11 The number given in parentheses refers to the measurement uncertainty This uncertainty applies to the least significant figure s of the number prior to the parenthesized value ie counting from rightmost digit to left For instance 1 00794 7 stands for 1 00794 0 00007 while 1 00794 72 stands for 1 00794 0 00072 34 The value listed is the conventional value suitable for trade and commerce the actual value may range from 6 938 to 6 997 depending on the isotopic composition of the sample 36 The element does not have any stable nuclides and a value in brackets indicates the mass number of the longest lived isotope of the element 35 36 The quoted values are for the tetracoordinate ions except for Rb and Cs where they are for the hexacoordinate ion xangxing aekikh shphaphekhmibrisuththiaelaekhmiprayuktrahwangpraeths 2005 Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005 Cambridge UK xarexssi ixyuaephk ISBN 0 85404 438 8 pp 248 49 Electronic version Coghill Anne M Garson Lorrin R b k 2006 The ACS Style Guide Effective Communication of Scientific Information 3rd ed Washington D C American Chemical Society p 127 ISBN 0 8412 3999 1 Coplen T B Peiser H S 1998 History of the recommended atomic weight values from 1882 to 1997 a comparison of differences from current values to the estimated uncertainties of earlier values PDF Pure Appl Chem 70 1 237 257 doi 10 1351 pac199870010237 4 0 4 1 shphaphekhmibrisuththiaelaekhmiprayuktrahwangpraeths 2005 Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005 Cambridge UK xarexssi ixyuaephk ISBN 0 85404 438 8 pp 51 Electronic version Leach Mark R 1999 2012 The Internet Database of Periodic Tables meta synthesis com subkhnemux 20 May 2012 6 00 6 01 6 02 6 03 6 04 6 05 6 06 6 07 6 08 6 09 6 10 6 11 Royal Society of Chemistry Visual Elements Group 1 The Alkali Metals Visual Elements Royal Society of Chemistry subkhnemux 13 January 2012 Periodic Table Atomic Properties of the Elements PDF nist gov National Institute of Standards and Technology September 2010 subkhnemux 17 February 2012 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux RubberBible84th 9 0 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux Greenwood amp Earnshaw 10 0 10 1 The OpenLearn team 2012 Alkali metals OpenLearn The Open University subkhnemux 9 July 2012 Fluck E 1988 New Notations in the Periodic Table PDF Pure Appl Chem IUPAC 60 3 431 436 doi 10 1351 pac198860030431 subkhnemux 24 March 2012 IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements PDF iupac org International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 21 January 2011 subkhnemux 22 February 2012 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux iupac xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux Folden xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux hydrogen halogen Gray Theodore Alkali Metal Bangs Theodore Gray subkhnemux 13 May 2012 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux webelements occurrence xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux chemeducator Lougheed R W Landrum J H Hulet E K Wild J F Dougan R J Dougan A D Gaggeler H Schadel M Moody K J Gregorich K E Seaborg G 1985 Search for superheavy elements using 48Ca 254Esg reaction Physical Review C 32 5 1760 1763 Bibcode 1985PhRvC 32 1760L doi 10 1103 PhysRevC 32 1760 Gaggeler Heinz W 5 7 November 2007 Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements PDF Lecture Course Texas A amp M subkhnemux 26 February 2012 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux Uue xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux atomic clocks xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux pubs usgs xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux nist second xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux lamp1 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux lamp2 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux webelements potassium xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux webelements sodium xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux webelements lithium xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux webelements rubidium xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux webelements caesium xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux rsc francium xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux generalchemistry Standard Uncertainty and Relative Standard Uncertainty CODATA reference National Institute of Standards and Technology subkhnemux 26 September 2011 35 0 35 1 Wieser Michael E Berglund Michael 2009 Atomic weights of the elements 2007 IUPAC Technical Report PDF Pure Appl Chem IUPAC 81 11 2131 2156 doi 10 1351 PAC REP 09 08 03 subkhnemux 7 February 2012 36 0 36 1 36 2 Wieser Michael E Coplen Tyler B 2011 Atomic weights of the elements 2009 IUPAC Technical Report PDF Pure Appl Chem IUPAC 83 2 359 396 doi 10 1351 PAC REP 10 09 14 subkhnemux 11 February 2012 Klehr Wolfram 21 May 2007 Francium apsidium com khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux 9 May 2008 subkhnemux 25 April 2012 38 0 38 1 38 2 38 3 Clark Jim 2005 Atomic and Physical Properties of the Group 1 Elements chemguide subkhnemux 30 January 2012 ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title olhaaexlkhail amp oldid 7705105, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,