Shaw, Stanford J. (29 October 1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 93. ISBN978-0-521-29163-7. สืบค้นเมื่อ 22 September 2011.
Turnbull says the garrison was "over 16,000 strong". The Ottoman Empire, p 50; Keegan and Wheatcroft suggest 17,000. Who's Who in Military History, p 283; Some estimates are just above 20,000, for example: "Together with Wilhelm von Roggendorf, the Marshal of Austria, Salm conducted the defense of Vienna with 16,000 regulars and 5,000 militia." Dupuy, Trevor, et al., The Encyclopedia of Military Biography, p 653.
Turnbull suggests Suleiman had "perhaps 120,000" troops when he reached Osijek on 6 August. The Ottoman Empire, p 50; Christopher Duffy suggests "Suleiman led an army of 125,000 Turks". Siege Warfare: Fortresses in the Early Modern World 1494-1660, p 201. For higher estimates, see further note on Suleiman's troops.
Turnbull, Stephen. The Ottoman Empire 1326 - 1699. New York: Osprey, 2003.pg 51
Turnbull, Stephen. The Ottoman Empire 1326 - 1699. New York: Osprey, 2003. pg 51
"The failure of the first [siege of Vienna] brought to a standstill the tide of Ottoman conquest which had been flooding up the Danube Valley for a century past." Toynbee, p 119; "The expedition had been successful at least politically. Suleiman had driven Ferdinand out of Hungary and installed in his place an obedient vassal. But more significant was the fact that a Turkish army had been beaten back before the walls of Vienna by a force much inferior in numbers. This may be considered the beginning of the end of Ottoman military superiority…at Vienna Suleiman discovered that western artillery was equal to his own and that Austrian and Spanish foot soldiers with their harquebuses and long pikes, were, if anything, superior to his janissaries." Stavrianos, p 77; "Sitting outside the Habsburg capital, with his army beset by seemingly insurmountable logistical problems, Suleiman was brought to conclude that the Ottoman Empire could expand no further into Europe, that Muslim expansionism in Eurasia had reached, indeed had probably extended beyond its destined territorial limits." Sicker, p 1-2.
It was an "afterthought towards the end of a season of campaigning". Riley-Smith, p 256; "A last minute decision following a quick victory in Hungary". Shaw and Shaw, p 94; Other historians, for example Stephen Turnbull, regard the suppression of Hungary as the calculated prologue to an invasion further into Europe: "John Szapolya [sic] became a footnote in the next great Turkish advance against Europe in the most ambitious campaign of the great Sultan’s reign." Turnbull, p 50.
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Empire p 50 Keegan and Wheatcroft suggest 17 000 Who s Who in Military History p 283 Some estimates are just above 20 000 for example Together with Wilhelm von Roggendorf the Marshal of Austria Salm conducted the defense of Vienna with 16 000 regulars and 5 000 militia Dupuy Trevor et al The Encyclopedia of Military Biography p 653 Turnbull suggests Suleiman had perhaps 120 000 troops when he reached Osijek on 6 August The Ottoman Empire p 50 Christopher Duffy suggests Suleiman led an army of 125 000 Turks Siege Warfare Fortresses in the Early Modern World 1494 1660 p 201 For higher estimates see further note on Suleiman s troops Turnbull Stephen The Ottoman Empire 1326 1699 New York Osprey 2003 pg 51 Turnbull Stephen The Ottoman Empire 1326 1699 New York Osprey 2003 pg 51 The failure of the first siege of Vienna brought to a standstill the tide of Ottoman conquest which had been flooding up the Danube Valley for a century past Toynbee p 119 The expedition had been successful at least politically Suleiman had driven Ferdinand out of Hungary and installed in his place an obedient vassal But more significant was the fact that a Turkish army had been beaten back before the walls of Vienna by a force much inferior in numbers This may be considered the beginning of the end of Ottoman military superiority at Vienna Suleiman discovered that western artillery was equal to his own and that Austrian and Spanish foot soldiers with their harquebuses and long pikes were if anything superior to his janissaries Stavrianos p 77 Sitting outside the Habsburg capital with his army beset by seemingly insurmountable logistical problems Suleiman was brought to conclude that the Ottoman Empire could expand no further into Europe that Muslim expansionism in Eurasia had reached indeed had probably extended beyond its destined territorial limits Sicker p 1 2 It was an afterthought towards the end of a season of campaigning Riley Smith p 256 A last minute decision following a quick victory in Hungary Shaw and Shaw p 94 Other historians for example Stephen Turnbull regard the suppression of Hungary as the calculated prologue to an invasion further into Europe John Szapolya sic became a footnote in the next great Turkish advance against Europe in the most ambitious campaign of the great Sultan s reign Turnbull p 50 duephim aekikhkarlxmkrungewiynna ckrwrrdixxtotmn sultansulymanaehngckrwrrdixxtotmn bthkhwamekiywkbprawtisastrniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodyephimkhxmul duephimthi sthaniyxy prawtisastrekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title karlxmkrungewiynna amp oldid 9436853, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
