แผนที่รูปทีและโอ (อังกฤษ: T and O map หรือ O-T หรือ T-O; ละติน: orbis terrarum ลูกแก้วหรือวงกลมของผืนดินที่มีอักษร T ใน O) เป็นหนึ่งในแผนที่โลกในยุคกลาง บางครั้งมันถูกเรียกว่า แผนที่บีไทน์ (Beatine map) หรือแผนที่บีตุส (Beatus map) เพราะเป็นหนึ่งในผลงานที่เชื่อว่าเป็นของบีตุส แห่งเลียบานา (Beatus of Liébana) นักบวชชาวสเปนในศตวรรษที่ 8
แผนที่รูปทีและโอถูกกล่าวครั้งแรกในหนังสือ Etymologiae (chapter 14, de terra et partibus) ของอิซิโดโรแห่งเซบิยาในศตวรรษที่ 7 ไว้ว่า:
ละติน: Orbis a rotunditate circuli dictus, quia sicut rota est [...] Undique enim Oceanus circumfluens eius in circulo ambit fines. Divisus est autem trifarie: e quibus una pars Asia, altera Europa, tertia Africa nuncupatur.
อังกฤษ: The [inhabited] mass of solid land is called round after the roundness of a circle, because it is like a wheel [...] Because of this, the Ocean flowing around it is contained in a circular limit, and it is divided in three parts, one part being called Asia, the second Europe, and the third Africa.
Isidore of Seville (c. 630). "14". Etymologiae (ภาษาละติน).
Stevens, Wesley M. (1980). "The Figure of the Earth in Isidore's 'De natura rerum'". Isis. 71 (2): 268–277. doi:10.1086/352464. JSTOR 230175.
↑ Michael Livingston, Modern Medieval Map Myths: The Flat World, Ancient Sea-Kings, and Dragons 2006-02-09 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, 2002.
Hiatt, Alfred (2002). "Blank Spaces on the Earth". The Yale Journal of Criticism. 15 (2): 223–250. doi:10.1353/yale.2002.0019.
บรรณานุกรม
Crosby, Alfred W. (1996). The Measure of Reality: Quantification in Western Europe, 1250-1600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-55427-6.
Lester, Toby (2009). The fourth part of the world: the race to the ends of the Earth, and the epic story of the map that gave America its name. New York, NY: Free Press. ISBN9781416535317.
Carlo Zaccagnini, ‘Maps of the World’, in Giovanni B. Lanfranchi et al., Leggo! Studies Presented to Frederick Mario Fales on the occasion of his 65th birthday, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2012, pp. 865–874. ISBN9783447066594
Mode, PJ. "The History and Academic Literature of Persuasive Cartography". Persuasive Cartography, The PJ Mode Collection. Cornell University Library. สืบค้นเมื่อ 22 October 2015.
Brigitte Englisch, Ordo orbis terrae. Die Weltsicht in den Mappae mundi des frühen und hohen Mittelalters. Berlin 2002, ISBN3-05-003635-4
สิงหาคม 14, 2021
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