วิกิพีเดีย
ความต้านทานไฟฟ้าของธาตุ (หน้าข้อมูล)
บทความนี้ต้องการข้อความอธิบายความสำคัญที่กระชับ และสรุปเนื้อหาไว้ย่อหน้าแรกของบทความ |
ความต้านทานไฟฟ้า
| T | 80 K (-193 °C) | 273 K (0 °C) | 293 K (20 °C) | 298 K (25 °C) | 300 K (27 °C) | 500 K (227 °C) |
| 3 Li lithium | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| use | 10.0 nΩm | 85.3 nΩm | 92.8 nΩm | 94.7 nΩm | 95.5 nΩm | |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 1.00 | 8.53 | 9.28 | 9.47 | 9.55 | |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 9.28 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 9.4 | |||||
| 4 Be beryllium | ||||||
| use | 0.75 nΩm | 30.2 nΩm | 35.6 nΩm | 37.0 nΩm | 37.6 nΩm | 99 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.075 | 3.02 | 3.56 | 3.70 | 3.76 | 9.9 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 3.56 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 4 | |||||
| 5 B boron | ||||||
| use | 1.5×104 Ωm | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 1.5×1012 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) > 1012 | |||||
| 6 C carbon (diamond) | ||||||
| use | ||||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 0.8 [sic] | |||||
| 6 C carbon (graphite) | ||||||
| use | ||||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 1375 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) about 1000 - direction dependent | |||||
| 11 Na sodium | ||||||
| use | 8.0 nΩm | 43.3 nΩm | 47.7 nΩm | 48.8 nΩm | 49.3 nΩm | |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.80 | 4.33 | 4.77 | 4.88 | 4.93 | |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 4.77 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 4.7 | |||||
| 12 Mg magnesium | ||||||
| use | 5.57 nΩm | 40.5 nΩm | 43.9 nΩm | 44.8 nΩm | 45.1 nΩm | 78.6 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.557 | 4.05 | 4.39 | 4.48 | 4.51 | 7.86 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 4.39 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 4.4 | |||||
| 13 Al aluminium | ||||||
| use | 2.45 nΩm | 24.17 nΩm | 26.50 nΩm | 27.09 nΩm | 27.33 nΩm | 49.9 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.245 | 2.417 | 2.650 | 2.709 | 2.733 | 4.99 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 2.6548 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 2.65 | |||||
| 14 Si silicon | ||||||
| use | ||||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 105 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) about 100000 | |||||
| 15 P phosphorus | ||||||
| use | ||||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (white) 10 [sic] | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 10 | |||||
| 16 S sulfur | ||||||
| use | (amorphous) 2×1015 Ωm | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (amorphous) 2×1023 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) > 1023 | |||||
| 17 Cl chlorine | ||||||
| use | > 10 Ωm | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | >109 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) > 1010 | |||||
| 19 K potassium | ||||||
| use | 13.4 nΩm | 64.9 nΩm | 72.0 nΩm | 73.9 nΩm | 74.7 nΩm | |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 1.34 | 6.49 | 7.20 | 7.39 | 7.47 | |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 7.2 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 7 | |||||
| 20 Ca calcium | ||||||
| use | 6.5 nΩm | 31.1 nΩm | 33.6 nΩm | 34.2 nΩm | 34.5 nΩm | 60. nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.65 | 3.11 | 3.36 | 3.42 | 3.45 | 6.0 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 3.36 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 3.4 | |||||
| 21 Sc scandium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) calculated 562 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 56.2 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 70.9 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 26.9 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) calculated from single crystal values 56.2 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 56.2 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 55 | |||||
| 22 Ti titanium | ||||||
| use | 0.39 µΩm | 0.420 µΩm | ||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 39 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 42.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 40 | |||||
| 23 V vanadium | ||||||
| use | 24.1 nΩm | 181 nΩm | 197 nΩm | 201 nΩm | 202 nΩm | 348 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 2.41 | 18.1 | 19.7 | 20.1 | 20.2 | 34.8 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 19.7 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 20 | |||||
| 24 Cr chromium | ||||||
| use | 118 nΩm | 125 nΩm | 126 nΩm | 127 nΩm | 201 nΩm | |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 11.8 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 20.1 | |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 12.5 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 12.7 | |||||
| 25 Mn manganese | ||||||
| use | 1.32 µΩm | 1.43 µΩm | 1.44 µΩm | 1.44 µΩm | 1.44 µΩm | 1.49 µΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 132 | 143 | 144 | 144 | 144 | 149 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 144 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 160 | |||||
| 26 Fe iron | ||||||
| use | 6.93 nΩm | 85.7 nΩm | 96.1 nΩm | 98.7 nΩm | 99.8 nΩm | 237 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.693 | 8.57 | 9.61 | 9.87 | 9.98 | 23.7 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 9.61 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 9.7 | |||||
| 27 Co cobalt | ||||||
| use | 56 nΩm | 62.4 nΩm | ||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 5.6 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 6.24 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 6 | |||||
| 28 Ni nickel | ||||||
| use | 5.45 nΩm | 61.6 nΩm | 69.3 nΩm | 71.2 nΩm | 72.0 nΩm | 177 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.545 | 6.16 | 6.93 | 7.12 | 7.20 | 17.7 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 6.93 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 7 | |||||
| 29 Cu copper | ||||||
| use | 2.15 nΩm | 15.43 nΩm | 16.78 nΩm | 17.12 nΩm | 17.25 nΩm | 30.90 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.215 | 1.543 | 1.678 | 1.712 | 1.725 | 3.090 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 1.678 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 1.7 | |||||
| 30 Zn zinc | ||||||
| use | 11.5 nΩm | 54.6 nΩm | 59.0 nΩm | 60.1 nΩm | 60.6 nΩm | 108.2 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 1.15 | 5.46 | 5.90 | 6.01 | 6.06 | 10.82 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 5.9 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 5.9 | |||||
| 31 Ga gallium | ||||||
| use | ||||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 13.6 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (30 °C) 25.795 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 14 | |||||
| 32 Ge germanium | ||||||
| use | ||||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 53000 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) about 50000 | |||||
| 33 As arsenic | ||||||
| use | 333 nΩm | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 33.3 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 30 | |||||
| 34 Se selenium | ||||||
| use | ||||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (amorphous) 1.2 [sic] | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) high | |||||
| 35 Br bromine | ||||||
| use | 7.8×1010 Ωm | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 7.8×1018 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) > 1018 | |||||
| 37 Rb rubidium | ||||||
| use | 26.5 nΩm | 115 nΩm | 128 nΩm | 131 nΩm | 133 nΩm | |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 2.65 | 11.5 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 13.3 | |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 12.8 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 12 | |||||
| 38 Sr strontium | ||||||
| use | 36.4 nΩm | 123 nΩm | 132 nΩm | 134 nΩm | 135 nΩm | 222 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 3.64 | 12.3 | 13.2 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 22.2 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 13.2 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 13 | |||||
| 39 Y yttrium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 596 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 59.6 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 72.5 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 35.5 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 59.6 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 59.6 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 56 | |||||
| 40 Zr zirconium | ||||||
| use | 66.4 nΩm | 388 nΩm | 421 nΩm | 429 nΩm | 433 nΩm | 765 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 6.64 | 38.8 | 42.1 | 42.9 | 43.3 | 76.5 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 42.1 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 42 | |||||
| 41 Nb niobium | ||||||
| use | 152 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 15.2 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 15.2 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 15 | |||||
| 42 Mo molybdenum | ||||||
| use | 4.82 nΩm | 48.5 nΩm | 53.4 nΩm | 54.7 nΩm | 55.2 nΩm | 106 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.482 | 4.85 | 5.34 | 5.47 | 5.52 | 10.6 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 5.34 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 5 | |||||
| 43 Tc technetium | ||||||
| use | ||||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (100 °C) 22.6 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 20 | |||||
| 44 Ru ruthenium | ||||||
| use | 71 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 7.1 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 7.1 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 7.1 | |||||
| 45 Rh rhodium | ||||||
| use | 43.3 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 4.3 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 4.33 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 4.3 | |||||
| 46 Pd palladium | ||||||
| use | 17.5 nΩm | 97.8 nΩm | 105.4 nΩm | 107.3 nΩm | 108.0 nΩm | 179.4 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 1.75 | 9.78 | 10.54 | 10.73 | 10.80 | 17.94 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 10.54 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 10 | |||||
| 47 Ag silver | ||||||
| use | 2.89 nΩm | 14.67 nΩm | 15.87 nΩm | 16.17 nΩm | 16.29 nΩm | 28.7 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.289 | 1.467 | 1.587 | 1.617 | 1.629 | 2.87 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 1.587 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 1.6 | |||||
| 48 Cd cadmium | ||||||
| use | 68 nΩm | |||||
| use | (22 °C) 72.7 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 6.8 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (22 °C) 7.27 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 7 | |||||
| 49 In indium | ||||||
| use | 0.080 µΩm | 83.7 nΩm | ||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 8.0 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 8.37 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 8 | |||||
| 50 Sn tin | ||||||
| use | 115 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 11.5 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 11.5 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 11 | |||||
| 51 Sb antimony | ||||||
| use | 0.39 µΩm | 417 nΩm | ||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 39 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 41.7 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 40 | |||||
| 52 Te tellurium | ||||||
| use | ||||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (5.8-33)×103 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) about 10000 | |||||
| 53 I iodine | ||||||
| use | 1.3×107 Ωm | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 1.3×1015 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) > 1015 | |||||
| 55 Cs caesium | ||||||
| use | 41.6 nΩm | 187 nΩm | 205 nΩm | 208 nΩm | 210 nΩm | |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 4.16 | 18.7 | 20.5 | 20.8 | 21.0 | |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 20.5 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 20 | |||||
| 56 Ba barium | ||||||
| use | 68.3 nΩm | 302 nΩm | 332 nΩm | 0.340 µΩm | 343 nΩm | 724 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 6.83 | 30.2 | 33.2 | 34.0 | 34.3 | 72.4 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 33.2 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 35 | |||||
| 57 La lanthanum | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 615 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 61.5 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 61.5 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 61.5 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 61 | |||||
| 58 Ce cerium (beta, hex) | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 828 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (beta, hex) (290 K-300 K) 82.8 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 82.8 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (beta, hex) 82.8 | |||||
| 58 Ce cerium (gamma, cubic) | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 744 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 74.4 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 74.4 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 74 | |||||
| 59 Pr praseodymium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 0.700 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 70.0 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 70.0 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 70.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 70 | |||||
| 60 Nd neodymium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 643 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 64.3 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 64.3 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 64.3 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 64 | |||||
| 61 Pm promethium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) estimated 0.75 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 75 est. | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 75 estimated | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 64.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 75 | |||||
| 62 Sm samarium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 0.940 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 94.0 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 94.0 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 94.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 94 | |||||
| 63 Eu europium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 0.900 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 90.0 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 90.0 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 90.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 90 | |||||
| 64 Gd gadolinium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 1.310 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 131 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 135.1 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 121.7 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 131.0 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 131 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 130 | |||||
| 65 Tb terbium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 1.150 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 115 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 123.5 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 101.5 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 115.0 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 115 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 120 | |||||
| 66 Dy dysprosium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 926 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 92.6 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 111.0 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 76.6 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 92.6 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 92.6 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 91 | |||||
| 67 Ho holmium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 814 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 81.4 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (amorphous) 101.5 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (crystalline) 60.5 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 81.4 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 81.4 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 94 | |||||
| 68 Er erbium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 0.860 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 86.0 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (amorphous) 94.5 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (crystalline) 60.3 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 86.0 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 86.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 86 | |||||
| 69 Tm thulium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 676 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 67.6 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (amorphous) 88.0 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (crystalline) 47.2 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 67.6 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 67.6 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 70 | |||||
| 70 Yb ytterbium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 0.250 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 25.0 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 25.0 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 25 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 28 | |||||
| 71 Lu lutetium | ||||||
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 582 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | (290 K-300 K) 58.2 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (amorphous) 76.6 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (crystalline) 34.7 | |||||
| CR2 (10-8 Ωm) | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 58.2 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 58.2 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 56 | |||||
| 72 Hf hafnium | ||||||
| use | 67.5 nΩm | 304 nΩm | 331 nΩm | 337 nΩm | 0.340 µΩm | 631 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 6.75 | 30.4 | 33.1 | 33.7 | 34.0 | 63.1 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 33.1 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 30 | |||||
| 73 Ta tantalum | ||||||
| use | 26.2 nΩm | 122 nΩm | 131 nΩm | 134 nΩm | 135 nΩm | 229 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 2.62 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 22.9 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 13.5 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 13 | |||||
| 74 W tungsten | ||||||
| use | 6.06 nΩm | 48.2 nΩm | 52.8 nΩm | 53.9 nΩm | 54.4 nΩm | 103 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.606 | 4.82 | 5.28 | 5.39 | 5.44 | 10.3 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 5.28 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 5 | |||||
| 75 Re rhenium | ||||||
| use | 172 nΩm | 193 nΩm | ||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 17.2 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 19.3 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 18 | |||||
| 76 Os osmium | ||||||
| use | 81.2 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 8.1 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 8.12 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 8.1 | |||||
| 77 Ir iridium | ||||||
| use | 47 nΩm | 47.1 nΩm | ||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 4.7 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 4.71 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 4.7 | |||||
| 78 Pt platinum | ||||||
| use | 19.22 nΩm | 96 nΩm | 105 nΩm | 107 nΩm | 108 nΩm | 183 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 1.922 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 18.3 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 10.6 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 10.6 | |||||
| 79 Au gold | ||||||
| use | 4.81 nΩm | 20.51 nΩm | 22.14 nΩm | 22.55 nΩm | 22.71 nΩm | 39.7 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 0.481 | 2.051 | 2.214 | 2.255 | 2.271 | 3.97 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 2.214 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 2.2 | |||||
| 80 Hg mercury | ||||||
| use | 961 nΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 96.1 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (solid) 21 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (liquid) 95.8 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 96 | |||||
| 81 Tl thallium | ||||||
| use | 0.15 µΩm | 0.18 µΩm | ||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 15 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 18 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 15 | |||||
| 82 Pb lead | ||||||
| use | 49 nΩm | 192 nΩm | 208 nΩm | 211 nΩm | 213 nΩm | 383 nΩm |
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 4.9 | 19.2 | 20.8 | 21.1 | 21.3 | 38.3 |
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 20.8 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 21 | |||||
| 83 Bi bismuth | ||||||
| use | 1.07 µΩm | 1.29 µΩm | ||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 107 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 129 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 130 | |||||
| 84 Po polonium | ||||||
| use | (alpha) 0.40 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 40 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (alpha) 40.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 43 | |||||
| 88 Ra radium | ||||||
| use | 1 µΩm | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 100 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 100 | |||||
| 90 Th thorium | ||||||
| use | 147 nΩm | |||||
| use | (22 °C) 15.4 | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 14.7 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (22 °C) 15.4 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 15 | |||||
| 91 Pa protactinium | ||||||
| use | 177 nΩm | |||||
| use | (22 °C) 19.1 | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 17.7 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (22 °C) 19.1 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 18 | |||||
| 92 U uranium | ||||||
| use | 0.280 µΩm | |||||
| CRC (10-8 Ωm) | 28 | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 28.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 28 | |||||
| 93 Np neptunium | ||||||
| use | (22 °C) 1.220 µΩm | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | (22 °C) 122.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 120 | |||||
| 94 Pu plutonium | ||||||
| use | 1.460 µΩm | |||||
| LNG (10-8 Ωm) | 146.0 | |||||
| WEL (10-8 Ωm) | (293 K-298 K) 150 | |||||
| T | 80 K (-193 °C) | 273 K (0 °C) | 293 K (20 °C) | 298 K (25 °C) | 300 K (27 °C) | 500 K (227 °C) |
อ้างอิง
WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
- G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
- D.R. Lide, (ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
- J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.
CRC
As quoted from various sources in an online version of:
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Electrical Resistivity of Pure Metals
CR2
As quoted in an online version of:
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals
which further refers to:
- Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
- McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.
LNG
As quoted from:
- J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4.1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements
