Sodium and fluorine undergoing a redox reaction to form sodium fluoride. Sodium loses its outer electron to give it a stable electron configuration, and this electron enters the fluorine atom exothermically. The oppositely charged ions - typically a great many of them - are then attracted to each other to form a solid.
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). XML on-line corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. doi:10.1351/goldbook]
Electronegativity. II. Bond and Orbital Electronegativities Jurgen. Hinze, M. A. Whitehead, H. H. Jaffe, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1963, 85 (2), pp 148–154, DOI: 10.1021/ja00885a008
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