fbpx
วิกิพีเดีย

รางวัลโนเบลสาขาวรรณกรรม

รางวัลโนเบลสาขาวรรณกรรม (สวีเดน: Nobelpriset i litteratur, อังกฤษ: Nobel Prize in Literature) เป็นรางวัลโนเบลหนึ่งในห้าสาขา ที่ริเริ่มโดยอัลเฟร็ด โนเบล ตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1895 โดย Swedish Academy ประเทศสวีเดน เป็นผู้คัดเลือกผู้รับรางวัล มีพิธีมอบเป็นครั้งแรก เมื่อ ค.ศ. 1901 พิธีมอบรางวัลมีขึ้นในวันที่ 10 ธันวาคม ของทุกปี ซึ่งตรงกับวันคล้ายวันเสียชีวิตของอัลเฟร็ด โนเบล ที่กรุงสต็อกโฮล์ม

รายชื่อผู้ได้รับรางวัล

ค.ศ. ชื่อ สัญชาติ ภาษา หมายเหตุ
1901 ซูว์ลี พรูว์ดอม
(Sully Prudhomme)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect."
1902 เทโอดอร์ ม็อมเซิน
(Theodor Mommsen)
  จักรวรรดิเยอรมัน (เยอรมัน) "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome."
1903 บีเยินส์จาเนอ มัตตีนียึส บีเยินซ็อน
(Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson)
  นอร์เวย์ (นอร์เวย์) "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit."
1904* เฟรเดริก มิสทราล
(Frédéric Mistral)
  ฝรั่งเศส (อุตซิตา) "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist."
1904* โฆเซ เอเชกาไร อี เอย์ซากีร์เร
(José Echegaray y Eizaguirre)
  สเปน (สเปน) "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama."
1905 แคนรึก แชงกีเยวิตช์
(Henryk Sienkiewicz)
  โปแลนด์ (โปแลนด์) "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer."
1906 โจซูเอ คาร์ดุชชี
(Giosue Carducci)
  อิตาลี (อิตาลี) "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces."
1907 รัดยาร์ด คิปลิง
(Rudyard Kipling)
  สหราชอาณาจักร (อังกฤษ) "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author."
1908 รูด็อล์ฟ คริสท็อฟ อ็อยเคิน
(Rudolf Christoph Eucken)
  จักรวรรดิเยอรมัน (เยอรมัน) "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life."
1909 เซลมา ลอเกร์เลิฟ
(Selma Lagerlöf)
  สวีเดน (สวีเดน) "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings."
1910 เพาล์ ไฮเซอ
(Paul Heyse)
  จักรวรรดิเยอรมัน (เยอรมัน) "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories."
1911 มอริส มาแตร์แล็งก์
(Maurice Maeterlinck)
  เบลเยียม (ฝรั่งเศส) "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations."
1912 แกร์ฮาร์ท เฮาพท์มัน
(Gerhart Hauptmann)
  จักรวรรดิเยอรมัน (เยอรมัน) "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art."
1913 รพินทรนาถ ฐากุร
(Rabindranath Tagore)
  อินเดีย (เบงกอล) "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West."
1914
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล เงินรางวัลมอบคืนแก่กองทุนพิเศษของรางวัลสาขานี้
1915 รอแม็ง รอล็อง
(Romain Rolland)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings."
1916 คาร์ล กุสตัฟ แวร์เนอร์ ฟอน ไฮเดินสตัม
(Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam)
  สวีเดน (สวีเดน) "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature."
1917* คาร์ล แอดอล์ฟ เกลเลอโรป
(Karl Adolph Gjellerup)
  เดนมาร์ก (เดนมาร์ก) "for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals."
1917* เฮนริก พอนทอปปีดัน
(Henrik Pontoppidan)
  เดนมาร์ก (เดนมาร์ก) "for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark."
1918
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล เงินรางวัลมอบคืนแก่กองทุนพิเศษของรางวัลสาขานี้
1919 คาร์ล ชปิทเทอเลอร์
(Carl Spitteler)
  สวิตเซอร์แลนด์ (เยอรมัน) "in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring."
1920 คนุท ฮัมซุน
(Knut Hamsun)
  นอร์เวย์ (นอร์เวย์) "for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil."
1921 อานาตอล ฟร็องส์
(Anatole France)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament."
1922 ฆาซินโต เบนาเบนเต
(Jacinto Benavente)
  สเปน (สเปน) "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama."
1923 วิลเลียม บัตเลอร์ เยตส์
(William Butler Yeats)
  ไอร์แลนด์ (อังกฤษ) "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation."
1924 ววาดึสวัฟ แรย์มอนต์
(Wladyslaw Reymont)
  โปแลนด์ (โปแลนด์) "for his great national epic, The Peasants."
1925 จอร์จ เบอร์นาร์ด ชอว์
(George Bernard Shaw)
  ไอร์แลนด์ (อังกฤษ) "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty."
1926 กราเซีย เดเลดดา
(Grazia Deledda)
  อิตาลี (อิตาลี) "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general."
1927 อ็องรี แบร์กซอน
(Henri Bergson)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented."
1928 ซีกรี อึนเซ็ต
(Sigrid Undset)
  นอร์เวย์ (นอร์เวย์) "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages."
1929 โทมัส มันน์
(Thomas Mann)
  เยอรมนี (เยอรมัน) "principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature."
1930 ซินแคลร์ ลูอิส
(Sinclair Lewis)
  สหรัฐ (อังกฤษ) "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters."
1931 เอริก เอเซล คาร์ลเฟลด์
(Erik Axel Karlfeldt)
  สวีเดน (สวีเดน) "The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt"
1932 จอห์น กอลส์เวอร์ธี
(John Galsworthy)
  สหราชอาณาจักร (อังกฤษ) "for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga."
1933 อีวาน บูนิน
(Ivan Bunin)
  จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย
(ลี้ภัย)
(รัสเซีย) "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing."
1934 ลุยจี ปีรันเดลโล
(Luigi Pirandello)
  อิตาลี (อิตาลี) "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art."
1935
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล เงินรางวัล 1/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนหลัก และเงินรางวัล 2/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนพิเศษของรางวัลสาขานี้
1936 ยูจีน โอนีล
(Eugene O'Neill)
  สหรัฐ (อังกฤษ) "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy."
1937 รอเฌ มาร์แต็ง ดูว์ การ์
(Roger Martin du Gard)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycle Les Thibault."
1938 เพิร์ล เอส. บัก
(Pearl S. Buck)
  สหรัฐ (อังกฤษ) "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces."
1939 ฟรันส์ เอมิล ซิลลันแป
(Frans Eemil Sillanpää)
  ฟินแลนด์ (ฟินแลนด์) "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature."
1940
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล เงินรางวัล 1/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนหลัก และเงินรางวัล 2/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนพิเศษของรางวัลสาขานี้
1941
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล เงินรางวัล 1/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนหลัก และเงินรางวัล 2/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนพิเศษของรางวัลสาขานี้
1942
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล เงินรางวัล 1/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนหลัก และเงินรางวัล 2/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนพิเศษของรางวัลสาขานี้
1943
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล
ไม่มีการมอบรางวัล เงินรางวัล 1/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนหลัก และเงินรางวัล 2/3 มอบคืนแก่กองทุนพิเศษของรางวัลสาขานี้
1944 โยฮันเนส วิลเฮล์ม เยนเซน
(Johannes Vilhelm Jensen)
  เดนมาร์ก (เดนมาร์ก) "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style."
1945 กาบริเอลา มิสตรัล
(Gabriela Mistral)
  ชิลี (สเปน) "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world."
1946 แฮร์มัน เฮ็สเซอ
(Hermann Hesse)
  เยอรมนี,
1923:   สวิตเซอร์แลนด์
(เยอรมัน) "for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style."
1947 อ็องเดร ฌีด
(André Gide)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight."
1948 ที. เอส. เอเลียต
(T. S. Eliot)
  สหรัฐ,
1927:   สหราชอาณาจักร
(อังกฤษ) "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry."
1949 วิลเลียม ฟอกเนอร์
(William Faulkner)
  สหรัฐ (อังกฤษ) "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel."
1950 เบอร์ทรันด์ รัสเซลล์
(Bertrand Russell)
  สหราชอาณาจักร (อังกฤษ) "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought."
1951 แพร์ ลาเกอร์กวิสต์
(Pär Lagerkvist)
  สวีเดน (สวีเดน) "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind."
1952 ฟร็องซัว โมรียัก
(François Mauriac)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life."
1953 วินสตัน เชอร์ชิลล์
(Winston Churchill)
  สหราชอาณาจักร (อังกฤษ) "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values."
1954 เออร์เนสต์ เฮมิงเวย์
(Ernest Hemingway)
  สหรัฐ (อังกฤษ) "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style."
1955 ฮัลโตร์ คิลยัน ลัฆส์แนส
(Halldór Kiljan Laxness)
  ไอซ์แลนด์ (ไอซ์แลนด์) "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland."
1956 ฆวน รามอน ฆิเมเนซ
(Juan Ramón Jiménez)
  สเปน (สเปน) "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity."
1957 อาลแบร์ กามูว์
(Albert Camus)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times."
1958 โบรัส ปัสเตร์นัค
(Boris Pasternak) [4]
  สหภาพโซเวียต (รัสเซีย) "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition."
1959 ซัลวาโตเร กวาซีโมโด
(Salvatore Quasimodo)
  อิตาลี (อิตาลี) "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times."
1960 แซ็ง-จอน แปร์ส
(Saint-John Perse)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time."
1961 อีวอ อานดริช
(Ivo Andric)
  ยูโกสลาเวีย (บอสเนีย-โครเอเชีย-มอนเตเนโกร-เซอร์เบีย) "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country."
1962 จอห์น สไตน์เบ็ก
(John Steinbeck)
  สหรัฐ (อังกฤษ) "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception."
1963 โยร์โกส เซเฟริส
(Giorgos Seferis)
  กรีซ (กรีก) "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture."
1964 ฌ็อง-ปอล ซาทร์
(Jean-Paul Sartre) (ไม่รับรางวัล)[5]
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a farreaching influence on our age."
1965 มิคาอิล โชโลคอฟ
(Michail Sholokhov)
  สหภาพโซเวียต (รัสเซีย) "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people."
1966* ชมูเอล โยเซฟ อักนอน
(Shmuel Yosef Agnon)
  อิสราเอล (ฮีบรู) "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people."
1966* เน็ลลี ซัคส์
(Nelly Sachs)
  เยอรมนี,
1952:   สวีเดน
(เยอรมัน) "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength."
1967 มิเกล อังเฮล อัสตูเรียส
(Miguel Ángel Asturias)
  กัวเตมาลา (สเปน) "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America."
1968 ยาซูนาริ คาวาบาตะ
(Yasunari Kawabata)
  ญี่ปุ่น (ญี่ปุ่น) "for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind."
1969 ซามูเอล เบ็คเค็ทท์
(Samuel Beckett)
  ไอร์แลนด์ (อังกฤษ)/(ฝรั่งเศส) "for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation."
1970 อะเลคซันดร์ โซลเซนิตซิน
(Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn)
  สหภาพโซเวียต (รัสเซีย) "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature."
1971 ปาโบล เนรูดา
(Pablo Neruda)
  ชิลี (สเปน) "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams."
1972 ไฮน์ริช เบิล
(Heinrich Böll)
  เยอรมนีตะวันตก (เยอรมัน) "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature."
1973 แพทริก ไวต์
(Patrick White)
  ออสเตรเลีย (อังกฤษ) "for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature."
1974* เอย์วินด์ จอห์นสัน
(Eyvind Johnson)
  สวีเดน (สวีเดน) "for a narrative art, farseeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom."
1974* แฮร์รี มาร์ตินสัน
(Harry Martinson)
  สวีเดน (สวีเดน) "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos."
1975 เออูเจนีโอ มอนตาเล
(Eugenio Montale)
  อิตาลี (อิตาลี) "for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions."
1976 ซอล เบลโลว์
(Saul Bellow)
  แคนาดา,
1941:   สหรัฐ
(อังกฤษ) "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work."
1977 บิเซนเต อาเลย์กซันเดร
(Vicente Aleixandre)
  สเปน (สเปน) "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars."
1978 อิซาค บาเชวิส ซิงเกอร์
(Isaac Bashevis Singer)
  โปแลนด์,
1943:   สหรัฐ
(ยิดดิช) "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life."
1979 โอดีเซอัส เอลีติส
(Odysseas Elytis)
  กรีซ (กรีก) "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness."
1980 ตแชสวัฟ มีวอช
(Czeslaw Milosz)
  โปแลนด์,
1970:   สหรัฐ,
1992:   ลิทัวเนีย (กิตติมศักดิ์)
(โปแลนด์) "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts."
1981 อิไลอัส คาเนตติ
(Elias Canetti)
  บัลแกเรีย,
1952:   สหราชอาณาจักร
(เยอรมัน) "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power."
1982 กาบริเอล การ์ซิอา มาร์เกซ
(Gabriel García Márquez)
  โคลอมเบีย (สเปน) "for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts."
1983 วิลเลียม โกลดิง
(William Golding)
  สหราชอาณาจักร (อังกฤษ) "for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today."
1984 ยาโรสลัฟ ไซเฟิร์ต
(Jaroslav Seifert)
  เชโกสโลวาเกีย (เช็ก) "for his poetry which endowed with freshness, and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man."
1985 โกลด ซีมง
(Claude Simon)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition."
1986 วอเล โชยิงกา
(Wole Soyinka)
  ไนจีเรีย (อังกฤษ) "in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence."
1987 โจเซฟ บรอดสกี
(Joseph Brodsky)
  สหภาพโซเวียต,
1977:   สหรัฐ
(รัสเซีย)/(อังกฤษ) "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity."
1988 นะญีบ มะห์ฟูซ
(Naguib Mahfouz)
  อียิปต์ (อาหรับ) "who, through works rich in nuance - now clearsightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind."
1989 กามิโล โฆเซ เซลา
(Camilo José Cela)
  สเปน (สเปน) "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability."
1990 ออกตาบิโอ ปัซ
(Octavio Paz)
  เม็กซิโก (สเปน) "for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity."
1991 นาดีน กอร์ดิเมอร์
(Nadine Gordimer)
  แอฟริกาใต้ (อังกฤษ) "who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity."
1992 เดริก วอลคอต
(Derek Walcott)
  เซนต์ลูเชีย (อังกฤษ) "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment."
1993 โทนี มอร์ริสัน
(Toni Morrison)
  สหรัฐ (อังกฤษ) "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality."
1994 เค็นซาบูโร โอเอะ
(Kenzaburō Ōe)
  ญี่ปุ่น (ญี่ปุ่น) "who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today."
1995 เชมัส ฮีนีย์
(Seamus Heaney)
  ไอร์แลนด์ (อังกฤษ) "for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past."
1996 วิสวาวา ชึมบอร์สกา
(Wisława Szymborska)
  โปแลนด์ (โปแลนด์) "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality."
1997 ดาริโอ โฟ
(Dario Fo)
  อิตาลี (อิตาลี) "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden."
1998 ฌูแซ ซารามากู
(José Saramago)
  โปรตุเกส (โปรตุเกส) "who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality."
1999 กึนเทอร์ กรัส
(Günter Grass)
  เยอรมนี (เยอรมัน) "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history."
2000 เกา ซิงเจี้ยน
(Gao Xingjian)
  จีน,
1998:   ฝรั่งเศส
(จีน) "for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama."
2001 วี. เอส. ไนพอล
(V. S. Naipaul)
  ตรินิแดดและโตเบโก,
  สหราชอาณาจักร
(อังกฤษ) "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories."
2002 อิมแร แกร์เตส
(Imre Kertész)
  ฮังการี (ฮังการี) "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history."
2003 จอห์น แมกซ์เวล คุตซี
(John Maxwell Coetzee)
  แอฟริกาใต้,
2006:   ออสเตรเลีย
(อังกฤษ) "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider."
2004 เอ็ลฟรีเดอ เย็ลลีเน็ค
(Elfriede Jelinek)
  ออสเตรีย (เยอรมัน) "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power."
2005 ฮาโรลด์ พินเทอร์
(Harold Pinter)
  สหราชอาณาจักร (อังกฤษ) "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms."
2006 ออร์ฮัน พามุค
(Orhan Pamuk)
  ตุรกี (ตุรกี) "who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures."
2007 ดอริส เลสซิง
(Doris Lessing)
  สหราชอาณาจักร (อังกฤษ) "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"
2008 ฌ็อง-มารี กุสตาฟว์ เลอ เกลซีโย
(Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization."
2009 แฮร์ทา มึลเลอร์
(Herta Müller)
  เยอรมนี (เยอรมัน) "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed."
2010 มาริโอ บาร์กัส โยซา
(Mario Vargas Llosa)
  เปรู/  สเปน (สเปน) "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat".
2011 ทูมัส ทรานสเตรอเมอร์
(Tomas Tranströmer)
  สวีเดน (สวีเดน) "because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality".
2012 โม่เหยียน
(Mo Yan)
  จีน (จีน) "who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary".
2013 อลิซ มุนโร
(Alice Munro)
  แคนาดา (อังกฤษ) "master of the contemporary short story".
2014 ปาทริก มอดียาโน
(Patrick Modiano)
  ฝรั่งเศส (ฝรั่งเศส) "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation".
2015 สเวตลานา อะเลคซีเอวิช
(Svetlana Alexievich)
  เบลารุส
(เกิดใน   ยูเครน)
(รัสเซีย) "for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time".
2016 บ็อบ ดิลลัน
(Bob Dylan)
  สหรัฐ (อังกฤษ) "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition".
2017 คาซูโอะ อิชิงูโระ
(Kazuo Ishiguro)
  สหราชอาณาจักร
(เกิดใน   ญี่ปุ่น)
(อังกฤษ) "who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world".
2018 ออลกา ตอการ์ตชุก
(Olga Tokarczuk)
  โปแลนด์ (โปแลนด์) "for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life."
2019 เพเทอร์ ฮันท์เคอ
(Peter Handke)
  ออสเตรีย (เยอรมัน) "for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience."
2020 ลูอีส กลิก
(Louise Glück)
  สหรัฐ (อังกฤษ) "for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal."

อ้างอิง

  1. Hermann Hesse (1946). "Hermann Hesse: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946". nobelprize.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-13. In 1923, I resigned German and acquired Swiss citizenship.
  2. "T.S. Eliot: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1948: Biography". nobelprize.org. 1948. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-13. Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965) was born in St. Louis, Missouri ... In 1927, Eliot became a British citizen and about the same time entered the Anglican Church.
  3. "Nelly Sachs Biography". Art Directory GmbH. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-13. The German writer and poet Nelly Sachs, whose original name was Leonie Sachs, was born to Jewish parents on December 10, 1891 in Berlin-Schöneberg. ... In 1950 Nelly's mother died and she wrote poems dealing with the loss. Two years later Sachs received Swedish citizenship.
  4. Michael J. Bandler (April 7, 2005). "Author Saul Bellow Dead At 89: Nobel laureate Was One of America's Great 20th Century Novelists". U.S. Department of State. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-13. Canadian by birth — the son of a Russian émigré businessman and a social worker — and Chicagoan by residence and perspective and affection for most of his life, Bellow, a naturalized U.S. citizen, was part of the generation of writers...
  5. Elinor Slater and Robert Slater, "Saul Bellow: Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature", Great Jewish Men (Jonathan David Company, 1996) 41, ISBN 0-8246-0381-8: "Bellow became a naturalized American citizen in 1941."
  6. "Isaac Bashevis Singer: Biographical Sketch". Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-13. Isaac Bashevis Singer was born Icek-Hersz Zynger on July 14, 1904, in Leoncin, Poland. ... In 1943, Singer became a United States citizen.
  7. "Czeslaw Milosz". Encyclopædia Britannica. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-14. Milosz became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1970.
  8. "Czeslaw Milosz". University of California. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-14. He was made an honorary citizen of Lithuania in 1992...
  9. "Elias Canetti: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1981: Curriculum Vitae". nobelprize.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-14. 1905 Born on 25 July in Ruse, Bulgaria. 1952 Receives British citizenship.
  10. "Joseph Brodsky 1940–1996". eNotes. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-13. Often called the best Russian poet of his generation, Brodsky was born and raised in the former Soviet Union and became an American citizen in 1977.
  11. "Seamus Heaney: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1995: Biography". nobelprize.org. 1995. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-10-23.
  12. "Seamus Heaney: He's seen it all". สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-10-26. Heaney was born in Northern Ireland
    (part of the United Kingdom) , but lives full time in Dublin in the Republic of Ireland and has taken Irish citizenship. He is an avowed Irish nationalist and is referenced as Irish by the Nobel committee in their citation.
  13. "Gao Xingjian: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2000: Biography". nobelprize.org. 2000. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-13.
  14. "Gao Xingjian 1940-". eNotes. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-13. Gao Xingjian (pronounced gow shing-jen) was born on January 4, 1940, in Ganzhou, China. ... His next plays received negative reactions from the Chinese government, causing Gao to emigrate to France in 1987 during a trip to Germany on an artistic fellowship. ... He became a naturalized French citizen in 1998...
  15. "V. S. Naipaul 1932-". eNotes. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-08-13. Naipaul was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad, in 1932, the second generation descendant of an East Indian grandfather who came to the West Indies in the early 1900s as an indentured laborer in the British colonial administration.
  16. "JM Coetzee Becomes an Australian Citizen", Mail & Guardian, 6 มีนาคม ค.ศ. 2006, เรียกดู 14 สิงหาคม ค.ศ. 2007.
  17. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009". Nobelprize.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-10-08.
  18. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010". Nobel Foundation. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-10-07.
  19. List of Nobel laureates in Literature
  20. [1]
  21. [2]
  22. [3]
  23. The Nobel Prize in Literature - Nobelprize.org
  24. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2016". Nobel Foundation. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 ตุลาคม 2559. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  25. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2017". Nobel Foundation. สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 ตุลาคม 2562. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  26. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2018". Nobel Foundation. สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 ตุลาคม 2562. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  27. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2019". Nobel Foundation. สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 ตุลาคม 2562. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  28. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2020". Nobel Foundation. สืบค้นเมื่อ 8 ตุลาคม 2563. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น

  • The Nobel Prize in Literature - Laureates

รางว, ลโนเบลสาขาวรรณกรรม, งก, ามภาษา, ในบทความน, ไว, ให, านและผ, วมแก, ไขบทความศ, กษาเพ, มเต, มโดยสะดวก, เน, องจากว, เด, ยภาษาไทยย, งไม, บทความด, งกล, าว, กระน, ควรร, บสร, างเป, นบทความโดยเร, วท, ดบทความน, างอ, งคร, สต, กราช, คร, สต, ทศวรรษ, คร, สต, ศตวรรษ, งเ. lingkkhamphasa inbthkhwamni miiwihphuxanaelaphurwmaekikhbthkhwamsuksaephimetimodysadwk enuxngcakwikiphiediyphasaithyyngimmibthkhwamdngklaw krann khwrribsrangepnbthkhwamodyerwthisudbthkhwamnixangxingkhristskrach khristthswrrs khriststwrrs sungepnsarasakhykhxngenuxha rangwloneblsakhawrrnkrrm swiedn Nobelpriset i litteratur xngkvs Nobel Prize in Literature epnrangwloneblhnunginhasakha thirierimodyxlefrd onebl tngaet kh s 1895 ody Swedish Academy praethsswiedn epnphukhdeluxkphurbrangwl miphithimxbepnkhrngaerk emux kh s 1901 phithimxbrangwlmikhuninwnthi 10 thnwakhm khxngthukpi sungtrngkbwnkhlaywnesiychiwitkhxngxlefrd onebl thikrungstxkohlmraychuxphuidrbrangwl aekikhkh s chux sychati phasa hmayehtu1901 suwli phruwdxm Sully Prudhomme frngess frngess in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect 1902 ethoxdxr mxmesin Theodor Mommsen ckrwrrdieyxrmn eyxrmn the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work A History of Rome 1903 bieyinscaenx mttiniyus bieyinsxn Bjornstjerne Martinius Bjornson nxrewy nxrewy as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit 1904 efredrik misthral Frederic Mistral frngess xutsita in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Provencal philologist 1904 okhes exechkair xi exysakirer Jose Echegaray y Eizaguirre sepn sepn in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama 1905 aekhnruk aechngkieywitch Henryk Sienkiewicz opaelnd opaelnd because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer 1906 ocsuex kharduchchi Giosue Carducci xitali xitali not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces 1907 rdyard khipling Rudyard Kipling shrachxanackr xngkvs in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world famous author 1908 rudxlf khristhxf xxyekhin Rudolf Christoph Eucken ckrwrrdieyxrmn eyxrmn in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life 1909 eslma lxekrelif Selma Lagerlof swiedn swiedn in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings 1910 ephal ihesx Paul Heyse ckrwrrdieyxrmn eyxrmn as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world renowned short stories 1911 mxris maaetraelngk Maurice Maeterlinck ebleyiym frngess in appreciation of his many sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers own feelings and stimulate their imaginations 1912 aekrharth ehaphthmn Gerhart Hauptmann ckrwrrdieyxrmn eyxrmn primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art 1913 rphinthrnath thakur Rabindranath Tagore xinediy ebngkxl because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West 1914 immikarmxbrangwl immikarmxbrangwl enginrangwlmxbkhunaekkxngthunphiesskhxngrangwlsakhani1915 rxaemng rxlxng Romain Rolland frngess frngess as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings 1916 kharl kustf aewrenxr fxn ihedinstm Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam swiedn swiedn in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature 1917 kharl aexdxlf eklelxorp Karl Adolph Gjellerup ednmark ednmark for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals 1917 ehnrik phxnthxppidn Henrik Pontoppidan ednmark ednmark for his authentic descriptions of present day life in Denmark 1918 immikarmxbrangwl immikarmxbrangwl enginrangwlmxbkhunaekkxngthunphiesskhxngrangwlsakhani1919 kharl chpithethxelxr Carl Spitteler switesxraelnd eyxrmn in special appreciation of his epic Olympian Spring 1920 khnuth hmsun Knut Hamsun nxrewy nxrewy for his monumental work Growth of the Soil 1921 xanatxl frxngs Anatole France frngess frngess in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament 1922 khasinot ebnaebnet Jacinto Benavente sepn sepn for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama 1923 wileliym btelxr eyts William Butler Yeats ixraelnd xngkvs for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation 1924 wwaduswf aerymxnt Wladyslaw Reymont opaelnd opaelnd for his great national epic The Peasants 1925 cxrc ebxrnard chxw George Bernard Shaw ixraelnd xngkvs for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty 1926 kraesiy edeldda Grazia Deledda xitali xitali for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general 1927 xxngri aebrksxn Henri Bergson frngess frngess in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented 1928 sikri xunest Sigrid Undset nxrewy nxrewy principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages 1929 othms mnn Thomas Mann eyxrmni eyxrmn principally for his great novel Buddenbrooks which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature 1930 sinaekhlr luxis Sinclair Lewis shrth xngkvs for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters 1931 exrik exesl kharlefld Erik Axel Karlfeldt swiedn swiedn The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1932 cxhn kxlsewxrthi John Galsworthy shrachxanackr xngkvs for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga 1933 xiwan bunin Ivan Bunin ckrwrrdirsesiy liphy rsesiy for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing 1934 luyci pirnedlol Luigi Pirandello xitali xitali for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art 1935 immikarmxbrangwl immikarmxbrangwl enginrangwl 1 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunhlk aelaenginrangwl 2 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunphiesskhxngrangwlsakhani1936 yucin oxnil Eugene O Neill shrth xngkvs for the power honesty and deep felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy 1937 rxech maraetng duw kar Roger Martin du Gard frngess frngess for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycle Les Thibault 1938 ephirl exs bk Pearl S Buck shrth xngkvs for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces 1939 frns exmil sillnaep Frans Eemil Sillanpaa finaelnd finaelnd for his deep understanding of his country s peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature 1940 immikarmxbrangwl immikarmxbrangwl enginrangwl 1 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunhlk aelaenginrangwl 2 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunphiesskhxngrangwlsakhani1941 immikarmxbrangwl immikarmxbrangwl enginrangwl 1 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunhlk aelaenginrangwl 2 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunphiesskhxngrangwlsakhani1942 immikarmxbrangwl immikarmxbrangwl enginrangwl 1 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunhlk aelaenginrangwl 2 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunphiesskhxngrangwlsakhani1943 immikarmxbrangwl immikarmxbrangwl enginrangwl 1 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunhlk aelaenginrangwl 2 3 mxbkhunaekkxngthunphiesskhxngrangwlsakhani1944 oyhnens wilehlm eynesn Johannes Vilhelm Jensen ednmark ednmark for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style 1945 kabriexla mistrl Gabriela Mistral chili sepn for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world 1946 aehrmn ehsesx Hermann Hesse eyxrmni 1 1923 switesxraelnd 1 eyxrmn for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style 1947 xxngedr chid Andre Gide frngess frngess for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight 1948 thi exs exeliyt T S Eliot shrth 2 1927 shrachxanackr 2 xngkvs for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present day poetry 1949 wileliym fxkenxr William Faulkner shrth xngkvs for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel 1950 ebxrthrnd rsesll Bertrand Russell shrachxanackr xngkvs in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought 1951 aephr laekxrkwist Par Lagerkvist swiedn swiedn for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind 1952 frxngsw omriyk Francois Mauriac frngess frngess for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life 1953 winstn echxrchill Winston Churchill shrachxanackr xngkvs for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values 1954 exxrenst ehmingewy Ernest Hemingway shrth xngkvs for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style 1955 hlotr khilyn lkhsaens Halldor Kiljan Laxness ixsaelnd ixsaelnd for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland 1956 khwn ramxn khiemens Juan Ramon Jimenez sepn sepn for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity 1957 xalaebr kamuw Albert Camus frngess frngess for his important literary production which with clear sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times 1958 obrs psetrnkh Boris Pasternak 4 shphaphosewiyt rsesiy for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition 1959 slwaoter kwasiomod Salvatore Quasimodo xitali xitali for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times 1960 aesng cxn aeprs Saint John Perse frngess frngess for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time 1961 xiwx xandrich Ivo Andric yuokslaewiy bxseniy okhrexechiy mxnetenokr esxrebiy for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country 1962 cxhn sitnebk John Steinbeck shrth xngkvs for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception 1963 oyroks esefris Giorgos Seferis kris krik for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture 1964 chxng pxl sathr Jean Paul Sartre imrbrangwl 5 frngess frngess for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a farreaching influence on our age 1965 mikhaxil ocholkhxf Michail Sholokhov shphaphosewiyt rsesiy for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people 1966 chmuexl oyesf xknxn Shmuel Yosef Agnon xisraexl hibru for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people 1966 enlli skhs Nelly Sachs eyxrmni 3 1952 swiedn 3 eyxrmn for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel s destiny with touching strength 1967 miekl xngehl xstueriys Miguel Angel Asturias kwetmala sepn for his vivid literary achievement deep rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America 1968 yasunari khawabata Yasunari Kawabata yipun yipun for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind 1969 samuexl ebkhekhthth Samuel Beckett ixraelnd xngkvs frngess for his writing which in new forms for the novel and drama in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation 1970 xaelkhsndr oslesnitsin Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn shphaphosewiyt rsesiy for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature 1971 paobl enruda Pablo Neruda chili sepn for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent s destiny and dreams 1972 ihnrich ebil Heinrich Boll eyxrmnitawntk eyxrmn for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature 1973 aephthrik iwt Patrick White xxsetreliy xngkvs for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature 1974 exywind cxhnsn Eyvind Johnson swiedn swiedn for a narrative art farseeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom 1974 aehrri martinsn Harry Martinson swiedn swiedn for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos 1975 exxuecniox mxntael Eugenio Montale xitali xitali for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions 1976 sxl eblolw Saul Bellow aekhnada 4 1941 shrth 5 xngkvs for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work 1977 biesnet xaelyksnedr Vicente Aleixandre sepn sepn for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man s condition in the cosmos and in present day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars 1978 xisakh baechwis singekxr Isaac Bashevis Singer opaelnd 6 1943 shrth 6 yiddich for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life 1979 oxdiesxs exlitis Odysseas Elytis kris krik for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear sightedness modern man s struggle for freedom and creativeness 1980 taechswf miwxch Czeslaw Milosz opaelnd 1970 shrth 7 1992 lithweniy kittimskdi 8 opaelnd who with uncompromising clear sightedness voices man s exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts 1981 xiilxs khaentti Elias Canetti blaekeriy 9 1952 shrachxanackr 9 eyxrmn for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power 1982 kabriexl karsixa mareks Gabriel Garcia Marquez okhlxmebiy sepn for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent s life and conflicts 1983 wileliym oklding William Golding shrachxanackr xngkvs for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today 1984 yaorslf isefirt Jaroslav Seifert echoksolwaekiy echk for his poetry which endowed with freshness and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man 1985 okld simng Claude Simon frngess frngess who in his novel combines the poet s and the painter s creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition 1986 wxel ochyingka Wole Soyinka incieriy xngkvs in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence 1987 ocesf brxdski Joseph Brodsky shphaphosewiyt 10 1977 shrth 10 rsesiy xngkvs for an all embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity 1988 nayib mahfus Naguib Mahfouz xiyipt xahrb who through works rich in nuance now clearsightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind 1989 kamiol okhes esla Camilo Jose Cela sepn sepn for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man s vulnerability 1990 xxktabiox ps Octavio Paz emksiok sepn for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity 1991 nadin kxrdiemxr Nadine Gordimer aexfrikait xngkvs who through her magnificent epic writing has in the words of Alfred Nobel been of very great benefit to humanity 1992 edrik wxlkhxt Derek Walcott esntluechiy xngkvs for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment 1993 othni mxrrisn Toni Morrison shrth xngkvs who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality 1994 ekhnsabuor oxexa Kenzaburō Ōe yipun yipun who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today 1995 echms hiniy Seamus Heaney ixraelnd 11 12 xngkvs for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past 1996 wiswawa chumbxrska Wislawa Szymborska opaelnd opaelnd for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality 1997 dariox of Dario Fo xitali xitali who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden 1998 chuaes saramaku Jose Saramago oprtueks oprtueks who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality 1999 kunethxr krs Gunter Grass eyxrmni eyxrmn whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history 2000 eka singeciyn Gao Xingjian cin 13 14 1998 frngess 14 cin for an oeuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama 2001 wi exs inphxl V S Naipaul triniaeddaelaotebok 15 shrachxanackr xngkvs for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories 2002 ximaer aekrets Imre Kertesz hngkari hngkari for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history 2003 cxhn aemksewl khutsi John Maxwell Coetzee aexfrikait 2006 xxsetreliy 16 xngkvs who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider 2004 exlfriedx eyllienkh Elfriede Jelinek xxsetriy eyxrmn for her musical flow of voices and counter voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society s cliches and their subjugating power 2005 haorld phinethxr Harold Pinter shrachxanackr xngkvs who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression s closed rooms 2006 xxrhn phamukh Orhan Pamuk turki turki who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures 2007 dxris elssing Doris Lessing shrachxanackr xngkvs that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny 2008 chxng mari kustafw elx eklsioy Jean Marie Gustave Le Clezio frngess frngess author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization 2009 aehrtha mulelxr Herta Muller eyxrmni eyxrmn who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed 17 2010 mariox barks oysa Mario Vargas Llosa epru sepn sepn for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual s resistance revolt and defeat 18 2011 thums thransetrxemxr Tomas Transtromer swiedn swiedn because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality 19 2012 omehyiyn Mo Yan cin cin who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary 20 2013 xlis munor Alice Munro aekhnada xngkvs master of the contemporary short story 21 2014 pathrik mxdiyaon Patrick Modiano frngess frngess for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life world of the occupation 22 2015 sewtlana xaelkhsiexwich Svetlana Alexievich eblarus ekidin yuekhrn rsesiy for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time 23 2016 bxb dilln Bob Dylan shrth xngkvs for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition 24 2017 khasuoxa xichinguora Kazuo Ishiguro shrachxanackr ekidin yipun xngkvs who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world 25 2018 xxlka txkartchuk Olga Tokarczuk opaelnd opaelnd for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life 26 2019 ephethxr hnthekhx Peter Handke xxsetriy eyxrmn for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience 27 2020 luxis klik Louise Gluck shrth xngkvs for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal 28 xangxing aekikh 1 0 1 1 Hermann Hesse 1946 Hermann Hesse The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946 nobelprize org subkhnemux 2007 08 13 In 1923 I resigned German and acquired Swiss citizenship 2 0 2 1 T S Eliot The Nobel Prize in Literature 1948 Biography nobelprize org 1948 subkhnemux 2007 08 13 Thomas Stearns Eliot 1888 1965 was born in St Louis Missouri In 1927 Eliot became a British citizen and about the same time entered the Anglican Church 3 0 3 1 Nelly Sachs Biography Art Directory GmbH subkhnemux 2007 08 13 The German writer and poet Nelly Sachs whose original name was Leonie Sachs was born to Jewish parents on December 10 1891 in Berlin Schoneberg In 1950 Nelly s mother died and she wrote poems dealing with the loss Two years later Sachs received Swedish citizenship Michael J Bandler April 7 2005 Author Saul Bellow Dead At 89 Nobel laureate Was One of America s Great 20th Century Novelists U S Department of State subkhnemux 2007 08 13 Canadian by birth the son of a Russian emigre businessman and a social worker and Chicagoan by residence and perspective and affection for most of his life Bellow a naturalized U S citizen was part of the generation of writers Elinor Slater and Robert Slater Saul Bellow Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature Great Jewish Men Jonathan David Company 1996 41 ISBN 0 8246 0381 8 Bellow became a naturalized American citizen in 1941 6 0 6 1 Isaac Bashevis Singer Biographical Sketch Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin subkhnemux 2007 08 13 Isaac Bashevis Singer was born Icek Hersz Zynger on July 14 1904 in Leoncin Poland In 1943 Singer became a United States citizen Czeslaw Milosz Encyclopaedia Britannica subkhnemux 2007 08 14 Milosz became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1970 Czeslaw Milosz University of California subkhnemux 2007 08 14 He was made an honorary citizen of Lithuania in 1992 9 0 9 1 Elias Canetti The Nobel Prize in Literature 1981 Curriculum Vitae nobelprize org subkhnemux 2007 08 14 1905 Born on 25 July in Ruse Bulgaria 1952 Receives British citizenship 10 0 10 1 Joseph Brodsky 1940 1996 eNotes subkhnemux 2007 08 13 Often called the best Russian poet of his generation Brodsky was born and raised in the former Soviet Union and became an American citizen in 1977 Seamus Heaney The Nobel Prize in Literature 1995 Biography nobelprize org 1995 subkhnemux 2007 10 23 Seamus Heaney He s seen it all subkhnemux 2007 10 26 Heaney was born in Northern Ireland part of the United Kingdom but lives full time in Dublin in the Republic of Ireland and has taken Irish citizenship He is an avowed Irish nationalist and is referenced as Irish by the Nobel committee in their citation Gao Xingjian The Nobel Prize in Literature 2000 Biography nobelprize org 2000 subkhnemux 2007 08 13 14 0 14 1 Gao Xingjian 1940 eNotes subkhnemux 2007 08 13 Gao Xingjian pronounced gow shing jen was born on January 4 1940 in Ganzhou China His next plays received negative reactions from the Chinese government causing Gao to emigrate to France in 1987 during a trip to Germany on an artistic fellowship He became a naturalized French citizen in 1998 V S Naipaul 1932 eNotes subkhnemux 2007 08 13 Naipaul was born in Port of Spain Trinidad in 1932 the second generation descendant of an East Indian grandfather who came to the West Indies in the early 1900s as an indentured laborer in the British colonial administration JM Coetzee Becomes an Australian Citizen Mail amp Guardian 6 minakhm kh s 2006 eriykdu 14 singhakhm kh s 2007 The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009 Nobelprize org subkhnemux 2009 10 08 The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010 Nobel Foundation subkhnemux 2010 10 07 List of Nobel laureates in Literature 1 2 3 The Nobel Prize in Literature Nobelprize org The Nobel Prize in Literature 2016 Nobel Foundation subkhnemux 13 tulakhm 2559 Check date values in accessdate help The Nobel Prize in Literature 2017 Nobel Foundation subkhnemux 10 tulakhm 2562 Check date values in accessdate help The Nobel Prize in Literature 2018 Nobel Foundation subkhnemux 10 tulakhm 2562 Check date values in accessdate help The Nobel Prize in Literature 2019 Nobel Foundation subkhnemux 10 tulakhm 2562 Check date values in accessdate help The Nobel Prize in Literature 2020 Nobel Foundation subkhnemux 8 tulakhm 2563 Check date values in accessdate help aehlngkhxmulxun aekikhThe Nobel Prize in Literature Laureatesekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title rangwloneblsakhawrrnkrrm amp oldid 9091254, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,

บทความ

, อ่าน, ดาวน์โหลด, ฟรี, ดาวน์โหลดฟรี, mp3, วิดีโอ, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, รูปภาพ, เพลง, เพลง, หนัง, หนังสือ, เกม, เกม