Calvin C Clawson (2001). Mathematical sorcery: revealing the secrets of numbers. p. IV. ISBN978 0 7382 0496-3.
Fowler and Robson, p. 368. Photograph, illustration, and description of the root(2) tablet from the Yale Babylonian Collection 2012-08-13 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน High resolution photographs, descriptions, and analysis of the root(2) tablet (YBC 7289) from the Yale Babylonian Collection
Vijaya AV (2007). Figuring Out Mathematics. Dorling Kindcrsley (India) Pvt. Lid. p. 15. ISBN978-81-317-0359-5.
P A J Lewis (2008). Essential Mathematics 9. Ratna Sagar. p. 24. ISBN9788183323673.
Timothy Gowers; June Barrow-Green; Imre Leade (2007). The Princeton Companion to Mathematics. Princeton University Press. p. 316. ISBN978-0-691-11880-2.
Kim Plofker (2009), Mathematics in India, Princeton University Press, ISBN978-0-691-12067-6, pp. 54–56. Quote – "In the Chandah-sutra of Pingala, dating perhaps the third or second century BC, [ ...] Pingala's use of a zero symbol [śūnya] as a marker seems to be the first known explicit reference to zero." Kim Plofker (2009), Mathematics in India, Princeton University Press, ISBN978-0-691-12067-6, 55–56. "In the Chandah-sutra of Pingala, dating perhaps the third or second century BC, there are five questions concerning the possible meters for any value "n". [ ...] The answer is (2)7 = 128, as expected, but instead of seven doublings, the process (explained by the sutra) required only three doublings and two squarings – a handy time saver where "n" is large. Pingala's use of a zero symbol as a marker seems to be the first known explicit reference to zero.
Plutarch. "718ef". Quaestiones convivales VIII.ii. And therefore Plato himself dislikes Eudoxus, Archytas, and Menaechmus for endeavoring to bring down the doubling the cube to mechanical operations
Keith J. Devlin (1999). Mathematics: The New Golden Age. Columbia University Press. p. 66. ISBN978-0-231-11638-1.
E.Kasner y J.Newman. (2007). Mathematics and the Imagination. Conaculta. p. 77. ISBN978-968-5374-20-0.
O'Connor, J J; Robertson, E F. "The number e". MacTutor History of Mathematics.
Annie Cuyt; Vigdis Brevik Petersen; Brigitte Verdonk; Haakon Waadeland; William B. Jones (2008). Handbook of Continued Fractions for Special Functions. Springer. p. 182. ISBN978-1-4020-6948-2.
Cajori, Florian (1991). A History of Mathematics (5th ed.). AMS Bookstore. p. 152. ISBN0-8218-2102-4.
O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (September 2001). "The number e". The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-02-02.
William Dunham (2005). The Calculus Gallery: Masterpieces from Newton to Lebesgue. Princeton University Press. p. 51. ISBN978-0-691-09565-3.
Jean Jacquelin (2010). SOPHOMORE'S DREAM FUNCTION.
J. Coates; Martin J. Taylor (1991). L-Functions and Arithmetic. Cambridge University Press. p. 333. ISBN978-0-521-38619-7.
"Greek/Hebrew/Latin-based Symbols in Mathematics". Math Vault (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 2020-03-20. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2020-08-08.
Robert Baillie (2013). "Summing The Curious Series of Kempner and Irwin". arΧiv:0806.4410 [math.CA].
Leonhard Euler (1749). Consideratio quarumdam serierum, quae singularibus proprietatibus sunt praeditae. p. 108.
Howard Curtis (2014). Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students. Elsevier. p. 159. ISBN978-0-08-097747-8.
Keith B. Oldham; Jan C. Myland; Jerome Spanier (2009). An Atlas of Functions: With Equator, the Atlas Function Calculator. Springer. p. 15. ISBN978-0-387-48806-6.
Nielsen, Mikkel Slot. (July 2016). Undergraduate convexity : problems and solutions. p. 162. ISBN9789813146211. OCLC 951172848.
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displaystyle mathbb A rakthisxngkhxngsam khakhngtwkhxngthioxodrs 4 3 displaystyle sqrt 3 1 73205 08075 68877 29352 Mw 3 OEIS 3 rakbwkkhxng x 2 3 displaystyle x 2 3 465 thung 398 pikxnkhristkal A displaystyle mathbb A rakthisxngkhxngha 5 5 displaystyle sqrt 5 2 23606 79774 99789 69640 OEIS 4 rakbwkkhxng x 2 5 displaystyle x 2 5 A displaystyle mathbb A fi xtraswnthxng 6 7 f displaystyle varphi 1 61803 39887 49894 84820 Mw 4 OEIS 5 rakbwkkhxng x 2 x 1 0 displaystyle x 2 x 1 0 300 pikxnkhristkal A displaystyle mathbb A suny 0 0 The additive identity x 0 x displaystyle x 0 x 300 100 stwrrs kxnkhristkal 8 Z displaystyle mathbb Z lbhnung 1 1 1 2 displaystyle 1 2 300 200 pikxnkhristkal Z displaystyle mathbb Z rakthisamkhxngsxng Delian Constant 2 3 displaystyle sqrt 3 2 1 25992 10498 94873 16476 Mw 5 OEIS 6 rakcringkhxng x 3 2 displaystyle x 3 2 kh s 46 120 9 A displaystyle mathbb A rakthisamkhxngsam 3 3 displaystyle sqrt 3 3 1 44224 95703 07408 38232 OEIS 7 rakcringkhxng x 3 3 displaystyle x 3 3 A displaystyle mathbb A yukhklangaelatnsmyihm aekikhchux sylksn karkhyaythsniym sutr pi esthnwycintphaph 6 10 i displaystyle i 0 1i rakthngsxngkhxng x 2 1 displaystyle x 2 1 nb 2 kh s 1501 thung 1576 C displaystyle mathbb C Wallis Constant W displaystyle W 2 09455 14815 42326 59148 Mw 6 OEIS 8 45 1929 18 3 45 1929 18 3 displaystyle sqrt 3 frac 45 sqrt 1929 18 sqrt 3 frac 45 sqrt 1929 18 kh s 1616 thung 1703 A displaystyle mathbb A Euler s number 6 11 e displaystyle e 2 71828 18284 59045 23536 Mw 7 OEIS 9 lim n 1 1 n n displaystyle lim n to infty left 1 frac 1 n right n nb 3 kh s 1618 12 T displaystyle mathbb T Natural logarithm of 2 13 ln 2 displaystyle ln 2 0 69314 71805 59945 30941 Mw 8 OEIS 10 n 1 1 n 2 n n 1 1 n 1 n 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 displaystyle sum n 1 infty frac 1 n2 n sum n 1 infty frac 1 n 1 n frac 1 1 frac 1 2 frac 1 3 frac 1 4 cdots kh s 1619 14 kh s 1668 15 T displaystyle mathbb T Sophomore s dream1 J Bernoulli 16 I 1 displaystyle I 1 0 78343 05107 12134 40705 OEIS 11 0 1 x x d x n 1 1 n 1 n n 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 displaystyle int 0 1 x x dx sum n 1 infty frac 1 n 1 n n frac 1 1 1 frac 1 2 2 frac 1 3 3 cdots kh s 1697Sophomore s dream2 J Bernoulli 17 I 2 displaystyle I 2 1 29128 59970 62663 54040 Mw 9 OEIS 12 0 1 1 x x d x n 1 1 n n 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 4 4 displaystyle int 0 1 frac 1 x x dx sum n 1 infty frac 1 n n frac 1 1 1 frac 1 2 2 frac 1 3 3 frac 1 4 4 cdots kh s 1697Lemniscate constant 18 ϖ displaystyle varpi 2 62205 75542 92119 81046 Mw 10 OEIS 13 p G 4 2 p G 5 4 2 1 4 2 p G 1 4 2 4 2 p 1 4 2 displaystyle pi G 4 sqrt tfrac 2 pi Gamma left tfrac 5 4 right 2 tfrac 1 4 sqrt tfrac 2 pi Gamma left tfrac 1 4 right 2 4 sqrt tfrac 2 pi left tfrac 1 4 right 2 kh s 1718 thung 1798 T displaystyle mathbb T Euler Mascheroni constant 19 g displaystyle gamma 0 57721 56649 01532 86060 Mw 11 OEIS 14 n 1 k 0 1 k 2 n k n 1 1 n ln 1 1 n displaystyle sum n 1 infty sum k 0 infty frac 1 k 2 n k sum n 1 infty left frac 1 n ln left 1 frac 1 n right right 0 1 ln ln 1 x d x G 1 PS 1 displaystyle int 0 1 ln left ln frac 1 x right dx Gamma 1 Psi 1 kh s 1735 R Q displaystyle mathbb R setminus mathbb Q Erdos Borwein constant 20 E B displaystyle E B 1 60669 51524 15291 76378 Mw 12 OEIS 15 m 1 n 1 1 2 m n n 1 1 2 n 1 1 1 1 3 1 7 1 15 displaystyle sum m 1 infty sum n 1 infty frac 1 2 mn sum n 1 infty frac 1 2 n 1 frac 1 1 frac 1 3 frac 1 7 frac 1 15 kh s 1749 21 R Q displaystyle mathbb R setminus mathbb Q Laplace limit 22 l displaystyle lambda 0 66274 34193 49181 58097 Mw 13 OEIS 16 x e x 2 1 x 2 1 1 1 displaystyle frac x e sqrt x 2 1 sqrt x 2 1 1 1 kh s 1782 T displaystyle mathbb T Gauss s constant 23 G displaystyle G 0 83462 68416 74073 18628 Mw 14 OEIS 17 1 a g m 1 2 4 2 1 4 2 p 3 2 2 p 0 1 d x 1 x 4 displaystyle frac 1 mathrm agm 1 sqrt 2 frac 4 sqrt 2 tfrac 1 4 2 pi 3 2 frac 2 pi int 0 1 frac dx sqrt 1 x 4 emux agm Arithmetic geometric mean kh s 1799 24 T displaystyle mathbb T xangxing aekikh Arndt amp Haenel 2006 p 167 Calvin C Clawson 2001 Mathematical sorcery revealing the secrets of numbers p IV ISBN 978 0 7382 0496 3 Fowler and Robson p 368 Photograph illustration and description of the root 2 tablet from the Yale Babylonian Collection Archived 2012 08 13 thi ewyaebkaemchchin High resolution photographs descriptions and analysis of the root 2 tablet YBC 7289 from the Yale Babylonian Collection Vijaya AV 2007 Figuring Out Mathematics Dorling Kindcrsley India Pvt Lid p 15 ISBN 978 81 317 0359 5 P A J Lewis 2008 Essential Mathematics 9 Ratna Sagar p 24 ISBN 9788183323673 6 0 6 1 6 2 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux 0 Timothy Gowers June Barrow Green Imre Leade 2007 The Princeton Companion to Mathematics Princeton University Press p 316 ISBN 978 0 691 11880 2 Kim Plofker 2009 Mathematics in India Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 12067 6 pp 54 56 Quote In the Chandah sutra of Pingala dating perhaps the third or second century BC Pingala s use of a zero symbol sunya as a marker seems to be the first known explicit reference to zero Kim Plofker 2009 Mathematics in India Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 12067 6 55 56 In the Chandah sutra of Pingala dating perhaps the third or second century BC there are five questions concerning the possible meters for any value n The answer is 2 7 128 as expected but instead of seven doublings the process explained by the sutra required only three doublings and two squarings a handy time saver where n is large Pingala s use of a zero symbol as a marker seems to be the first known explicit reference to zero Plutarch 718ef Quaestiones convivales VIII ii And therefore Plato himself dislikes Eudoxus Archytas and Menaechmus for endeavoring to bring down the doubling the cube to mechanical operations Keith J Devlin 1999 Mathematics The New Golden Age Columbia University Press p 66 ISBN 978 0 231 11638 1 E Kasner y J Newman 2007 Mathematics and the Imagination Conaculta p 77 ISBN 978 968 5374 20 0 O Connor J J Robertson E F The number e MacTutor History of Mathematics Annie Cuyt Vigdis Brevik Petersen Brigitte Verdonk Haakon Waadeland William B Jones 2008 Handbook of Continued Fractions for Special Functions Springer p 182 ISBN 978 1 4020 6948 2 Cajori Florian 1991 A History of Mathematics 5th ed AMS Bookstore p 152 ISBN 0 8218 2102 4 O Connor J J Robertson E F September 2001 The number e The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive subkhnemux 2009 02 02 William Dunham 2005 The Calculus Gallery Masterpieces from Newton to Lebesgue Princeton University Press p 51 ISBN 978 0 691 09565 3 Jean Jacquelin 2010 SOPHOMORE S DREAM FUNCTION J Coates Martin J Taylor 1991 L Functions and Arithmetic Cambridge University Press p 333 ISBN 978 0 521 38619 7 Greek Hebrew Latin based Symbols in Mathematics Math Vault phasaxngkvs 2020 03 20 subkhnemux 2020 08 08 Robert Baillie 2013 Summing The Curious Series of Kempner and Irwin arXiv 0806 4410 math CA Leonhard Euler 1749 Consideratio quarumdam serierum quae singularibus proprietatibus sunt praeditae p 108 Howard Curtis 2014 Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students Elsevier p 159 ISBN 978 0 08 097747 8 Keith B Oldham Jan C Myland Jerome Spanier 2009 An Atlas of Functions With Equator the Atlas Function Calculator Springer p 15 ISBN 978 0 387 48806 6 Nielsen Mikkel Slot July 2016 Undergraduate convexity problems and solutions p 162 ISBN 9789813146211 OCLC 951172848 Site MathWorld Wolfram com aekikh exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Pi Formulas cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Pythagoras s Constant cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Theodorus s Constant cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Golden Ratio cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Delian Constant cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Wallis s Constant cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn e cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Natural Logarithm of 2 cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Sophomore s Dream cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Lemniscate Constant cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Euler Mascheroni Constant cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Erdos Borwein Constant cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Laplace Limit cakaemthewild exrik dbebilyu iwssitn Gauss s Constant cakaemthewild Site OEIS com aekikh aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C aemaebb OEIS2C Site OEIS Wiki aekikh xangxingphidphlad mipayrabu lt ref gt sahrbklumchux nb aetimphbpayrabu lt references group nb gt thisxdkhlxngkn hruximmikarpid lt ref gt ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title raykarkhakhngtwthangkhnitsastr amp oldid 9094437, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,