รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อับบาซียะห์ก่อตั้งโดยผู้ที่สืบเชื้อสายมาจากอับบาส อิบน์ อับดุลมุฏฏอลิบ (العباس بن عبد المطلب – Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib) ลุงคนเล็กของมุฮัมมัด โดยก่อตั้งขึ้นในฮาร์รานในปี ค.ศ. 750 และย้ายเมืองหลวงจากฮาร์รานไปแบกแดดในปี ค.ศ. 762 รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์นี้รุ่งเรืองอยู่ราวสองร้อยปีแต่ก็มาเสื่อมโทรมลงเมื่ออำนาจของตุรกีแข็งแกร่งขึ้น ภายใน 150 ปีทีแผ่ขยายอำนาจไปทั่วเปอร์เชีย รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อับบาซียะห์ก็สูญเสียอำนาจให้แก่จักรวรรดิมองโกล ในปี ค.ศ. 1258
อ้างอิง
The Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate adopted black for its rāyaʾ for which their partisans were called the musawwids. Tabari (1995), Jane McAuliffe (บ.ก.), Abbāsid Authority Affirmed, 28, SUNY, p. 124 Their rivals chose other colours in reaction; among these, forces loyal to Marwan II adopted red. Patricia Crone (2012). The Nativist Prophets of Early Islam. p. 122.. The choice of black as the colour of the Abbasid Revolution was already motivated by the "black standards out of Khorasan" tradition associated with the Mahdi. The contrast of white vs. black as the Umayyad vs. Abbasid dynastic colour over time developed in white as the colour of Shia Islam and black as the colour of Sunni Islam: "The proselytes of the ʿAbbasid revolution took full advantage of the eschatological expectations raised by black banners in their campaign to undermine the Umayyad dynasty from within. Even after the ʿAbbasids had triumphed over the Umayyads in 750, they continued to deploy black as their dynastic colour; not only the banners but the headdresses and garments of the ʿAbbasid caliphs were black [...] The ubiquitous black created a striking contrast with the banners and dynastic color of the Umayyads, which had been white [...] The Ismaili Shiʿite counter-caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color, creating a visual contrast to the ʿAbbasid enemy [...] white became the Shiʿite color, in deliberate opposition to the black of the ʿAbbasid 'establishment'." Jane Hathaway, A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen, 2012, p. 97f. After the revolution, Islamic apocalyptic circles admitted that the Abbasid banners would be black but asserted that the Mahdi's standard would be black and larger. David Cook (2002). Studies in Muslim Apocalyptic, p. 153. Anti-Abbasid circles cursed "the black banners from the East", "first and last". Patricia Crone (2012). The Nativist Prophets of Early Islam. p. 243.
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1991xisrphaph 1991satharnrthxusebkisthan tngaet 1991rthekhaalifahxbbasiyahkxtngodyphuthisubechuxsaymacakxbbas xibn xbdulmuttxlib العباس بن عبد المطلب Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalib lungkhnelkkhxngmuhmmd odykxtngkhuninharraninpi kh s 750 aelayayemuxnghlwngcakharranipaebkaeddinpi kh s 762 rthekhaalifahnirungeruxngxyurawsxngrxypiaetkmaesuxmothrmlngemuxxanackhxngturkiaekhngaekrngkhun phayin 150 pithiaephkhyayxanacipthwepxrechiy rthekhaalifahxbbasiyahksuyesiyxanacihaekckrwrrdimxngokl inpi kh s 1258xangxing aekikh The Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate adopted black for its rayaʾ for which their partisans were called the musawwids Tabari 1995 Jane McAuliffe b k Abbasid Authority Affirmed 28 SUNY p 124 Their rivals chose other colours in reaction among these forces loyal to Marwan II adopted red Patricia Crone 2012 The Nativist Prophets of Early Islam p 122 The choice of black as the colour of the Abbasid Revolution was already motivated by the black standards out of Khorasan tradition associated with the Mahdi The contrast of white vs black as the Umayyad vs Abbasid dynastic colour over time developed in white as the colour of Shia Islam and black as the colour of Sunni Islam The proselytes of the ʿAbbasid revolution took full advantage of the eschatological expectations raised by black banners in their campaign to undermine the Umayyad dynasty from within Even after the ʿAbbasids had triumphed over the Umayyads in 750 they continued to deploy black as their dynastic colour not only the banners but the headdresses and garments of the ʿAbbasid caliphs were black The ubiquitous black created a striking contrast with the banners and dynastic color of the Umayyads which had been white The Ismaili Shiʿite counter caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color creating a visual contrast to the ʿAbbasid enemy white became the Shiʿite color in deliberate opposition to the black of the ʿAbbasid establishment Jane Hathaway A Tale of Two Factions Myth Memory and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen 2012 p 97f After the revolution Islamic apocalyptic circles admitted that the Abbasid banners would be black but asserted that the Mahdi s standard would be black and larger David Cook 2002 Studies in Muslim Apocalyptic p 153 Anti Abbasid circles cursed the black banners from the East first and last Patricia Crone 2012 The Nativist Prophets of Early Islam p 243 bthkhwamekiywkbprawtisastrniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodyephimkhxmul duephimthi sthaniyxy prawtisastrekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title rthekhaalifahxbbasiyah amp oldid 9037928, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
