คำขวัญ: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله "ลาอิลาฮะอิลลัลลอฮ์ มุฮัมมะดุรเราะซูลุลลอฮ์" "ไม่มีพระเจ้าอื่นใดนอกจากอัลลอฮ์ และมุฮัมมัดเป็นศาสนทูตของอัลลอฮ์" (ชะฮาดะฮ์)
. Encarta. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 17 July 2004. สืบค้นเมื่อ 19 May 2012.
Dyson, Tim (2018), A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press, pp. 4–5, ISBN978-0-19-882905-8; Fisher, Michael H. (2018), An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, p. 33, ISBN978-1-107-11162-2
Mallory, J.P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 310. ISBN1884964982.
Tomsen, Peter (2014), The Wars of Afghanistan, pp. 41–2, ISBN978-1610392624
Ladwig, Walter C. (2017). The Forgotten Front: Patron-Client Relationships in Counter Insurgency. Cambridge University Press. p. 302. ISBN9781107170773. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-05-15. As with their Cold War counterparts, it was erroneous for American policymakers to believe that the governments of contemporary client states, such as Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, necessarily shared their desire to defeat radical Islamic insurgents by adhering to the prescriptions of U.S. counterinsurgency doctrine.
Zucchino, David (August 15, 2021). "Kabul's Sudden Fall to Taliban Ends U.S. Era in Afghanistan". The New York Times. สืบค้นเมื่อ August 17, 2021.
O'Donnell, Tim (August 17, 2021). "What's happening in Afghanistan's last anti-Taliban holdout". สืบค้นเมื่อ August 18, 2021.
บรรณานุกรม
Barfield, Thomas (2012). Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0-691-15441-1.
Bleaney, C. H; Gallego, María Ángeles (2006). Afghanistan: a bibliography. BRILL. ISBN978-90-04-14532-0.
Clements, Frank (2003). Conflict in Afghanistan: a Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1-85109-402-8.
Dupree, Louis (1997). Afghanistan (2nd ed.). Oxford Pakistan Paperbacks. ISBN978-0-19-577634-8.
Ewans, Martin (2002). Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics. Curzon Press. ISBN0060505087.
Fowler, Corinne (2007). Chasing Tales: Travel Writing, Journalism and the History of British Ideas About Afghanistan. Rodopi. ISBN978-90-420-2262-1.
Griffiths, John C (2001). Afghanistan: a History of Conflict. Carlton Books. ISBN978-1-84222-597-4.
Habibi, Abdul Hai (2003). Afghanistan: an Abridged History. Fenestra Books. ISBN978-1-58736-169-2.
Hopkins, B.D. (2008). The Making of Modern Afghanistan. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-0-230-55421-4.
Johnson, Robert (2011). The Afghan Way of War: How and Why They Fight. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-979856-8.
Levi, Peter (1972). The Light Garden of the Angel King: Journeys in Afghanistan. Collins. ISBN978-0-00-211042-6.
Malleson, George Bruce (2005). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878 (Elibron Classic Replica ed.). Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN978-1-4021-7278-6.
สาธารณร, ฐอ, สลามอ, ฟกาน, สถาน, สำหร, บอ, ฟกาน, สถานระหว, าง, 1973, 1978, สาธารณร, ฐอ, ฟกาน, สถาน, บทความน, เน, อหาเก, ยวข, องก, บเหต, การณ, จจ, อม, ลอาจเปล, ยนแปลงได, อย, างรวดเร, วตามสถานการณ, การแก, ไขล, าส, ดบนหน, าน, อาจไม, ได, แสดงข, อม, ลท, เป, นป, จจ, . sahrbxfkanisthanrahwang kh s 1973 1978 duthi satharnrthxfkanisthan bthkhwamnimienuxhaekiywkhxngkbehtukarnpccubn khxmulxacepliynaeplngidxyangrwderwtamsthankarn karaekikhlasudbnhnanixacimidaesdngkhxmulthiepnpccubnthisudkhunsamarthchwyaekikhprbprunghnaniid oprdrawngesmxwakhxmulthikhadxangxingthinaechuxthuxhruxyunynidcathuklb hruxphudkhuyekiywkbkarepliynaeplngbnhnaniidthihnaphudkhuy eriynruwacanasaraemaebbnixxkidxyangiraelaemuxir satharnrthxislamxfkanisthan xngkvs Islamic Republic of Afghanistan epnsatharnrthxislamthipkkhrxngxfkanisthanrahwang kh s 2004 2021 mixanaekhtthangthistawntkcrdpraethsxihran thangthisitaelatawnxxktidpakisthan thangthisehnuxtidetirkemnisthan xusebkisthan aelathacikisthan swnthangthistawnxxksudtidpraethscin mixanaekht 652 000 tarangkiolemtr mikrungkhabulepnemuxnghlwngaelaemuxngihysudkhxngpraeths miprachakrpraman 39 lankhn sungswnihyepnchatiphnthupathan thacik hasaraaelaxusebksatharnrthxislamxfkanisthanجمهوری اسلامی افغانستان dari Jumhuri yi Islami yi Afġanistanد افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت pathan Da Afġanistan Islami Jumhoryat2004 2021thng 2013 2021 traaephndinkhakhwy لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله laxilahaxillllxh muhmmadureraasulullxh immiphraecaxunidnxkcakxllxh aelamuhmmdepnsasnthutkhxngxllxh chahadah ephlngchati قلعه اسلام قلب اسیا pxmprakarxislam hwicaehngexechiy kh s 2004 2006 source source track track track millisurud سرود ملی ephlngchati kh s 2006 2021 source source track track track sthanarthbalphldthinthiepnthiyxmrbinradbsaklemuxnghlwngkhabul odynitiny hubekhapycsira odyphvtiny tngaetwnthi 17 singhakhm kh s 2021 33 N 66 E 33 N 66 E 33 66 phikdphumisastr 33 N 66 E 33 N 66 E 33 66emuxngihysudkhabulkarpkkhrxngrthediyw rabbprathanathibdi satharnrthxislamprathanathibdi 2004 2014hamid karis 2014 2021xchraf khani 2021 pccubnxmrullxh sxelh rksakar a phubriharsungsud 2014 2020xbdullah xbdullahrxngprathanathibdi b 2004 2009xahmd siya msxud 2004 2014karim khalili 2009 2014omhmemd fahim 2014 c yunus kxnuni 2014 2020xbdul rxchid dxstum 2014 2021srwar danich 2020 2021xmrullxh sxelhsphanitibyytirthspha sphasungsphasung sphalangsphalangyukhprawtisastrsngkhramtxtankarkxkarray karbukkhrxngxfkanisthankhxngshrth7 tulakhm kh s 2001 kareluxktngkhrngaerk26 mkrakhm kh s 2004 karthxnkalngthharkhxngshrth29 kumphaphnth kh s 2020phunthi aehlngna nxy2020652 864 1 tarangkiolemtr 252 072 tarangiml prachakr 202031 390 200 2 khwamhnaaenn48 08 txtarangkiolemtr 124 5 txtarangiml kxnhna thdiprthxislamchwngepliynphanxfkanisthan exmiertxislamxfkanisthanhnwytxtanpycsirabriewnnimimnusyxyuxasymaxyangnxy 50 000 pi 3 cnmikartngthinthanepnhlkaehlngxyuthawrinbriewnemux 9 000 pimaaelw kxnkhxy phthnaipepnxarythrrmsinthu xarythrrmxxkssaelaxarythrrmehlmndinshswrrsthi 3 kxnkhristkal 4 chawxinod xarynyayekhama tamdwykhwamecriykhxngwthnthrrm Yaz I yukhehlk praman 1500 1100 pikxn kh s sungmikhwamsmphnthkbwthnthrrmthimiklawthunginkhmphirxewstakhxngsasnaosorxsetxr 5 briwnniidtkepnkhxngepxresiyinstwrrsthi 6 kxn kh s ipcnthungaemnasinthu phraecaxelksanedxrmhaxaracbukkhrxngdinaedndngklawinstwrrsthi 4 kxn kh s xanackrkrik aebkethriyepnplaytawnxxksudkhxngxarythrrmkrik txmadinaednnithukphichitodyxinediysmyrachwngsemarya thaihsasnaphuththaelahinduaephrhlayinphunthinihlaystwrrs phraecakniskaaehngckrwrrdikusanamibthbathsakhyinkarephyaephsasnaphuththnikaymhayanekhasupraethscinaelaexechiyklang hlngcaknnmirachwngsthinbthuxphuththpkkhrxngdinaednaethbnimaxikhlayrachwngssasnaxislamekhasubriewnniinchwngklangkhriststwrrsthi 7 aetmikarephyaephsasnaxyangcringcngrahwangkhriststwrrsthi 9 thung 12 aelamikarphldepliynrachwngsxyuxikhlaykhrng prawtisastrkaremuxngkhxngrthxfkanisthansmyihmerimtncakrachwngs Hotak sungprakasexkrachinxfkanisthantxnitin kh s 1709 txmamikartngxanackrduraniin kh s 1747 inplaykhriststwrrsthi 19 xfkanisthanepnrthknchnin ekmihy rahwangckrwrrdibritichaelarsesiy 6 7 insngkhramxngkvs xfknkhrngthihnung kh s 1839 1842 kxngthphbritichcakxinediyekhakhwbkhumxfkanisthanid aetsudthayepnfayaeph hlngsngkhramxngkvs xfknkhrngthisamin kh s 1919 xfkanisthancungplxdcakxiththiphlkhxngtangchati aelaidepnrachathipityphayitphraecaxmanulelaah aetin kh s 1973 mikarokhnlmrabxbkstriyepliynepnsatharnrth in kh s 1978 hlngmirthpraharkhrngthisxng xfkanisthanklayepnrthsngkhmniym aelathukosewiytbukinsngkhramosewiyt xfkanisthaninkhristthswrrs 1980 txkbtmuyahidin hlngosewiytthxnkalngxxkip klumtxlibansungepnphwkxislammulwiwtiidekhayudpraethsin kh s 1996 aelapkkhrxngpraethsepnrabxbephdckarebdesrc aelamiprawtilidrxnsiththimnusychnaelasiththistrixyangrunaerng klumnithukokhncakxanachlngshrthbukkhrxngin kh s 2001 aetyngkhwbkhumphunthiswnihykhxngpraethsid enuxngcakrthbalihmkhxngxfkanisthantxngphungphakhwamchwyehluxthangthharaelaesrsthkiccakshrthmak thaihmikareriykxfkanisthanwaepnrthbriwarkhxngshrth 8 ineduxnphvsphakhm kh s 2021 klumtxlibanerimkarrukhlngshrtherimthxnthharxxkcakxfkanisthan klumtxlibanidyudhwemuxngincnghwdtang kxnekhayudkrungkhabulidsaercineduxnsinghakhm kh s 2021 9 prathanathibdixchraf khaniliphyxxknxkpraeths khnathixmrullxh sxelhaetngtngtnexngepnrksakaraethnprathanathibdi aelacdtngfaytxtanthimithaninhubekhapycsiraephuxsurbkbklumtxliban 10 insmythixfkanisthanepnsatharnrthxislamsungichrabbprathanathibdi praethsyngmiradbkarkxkarray khwamyakcn phawathuphophchnakaredkaelakarchxrasdrbnghlwngsung esrsthkicmikhnadihyepnxndbthi 96 khxngolk odymicidiphimulkha 72 900 landxllarshrth aetmicidiphitxhwtamak xyuxndbthi 169 cak 186 praethsin kh s 2018 enuxha 1 hmayehtu 2 xangxing 3 brrnanukrm 4 aehlngkhxmulxunhmayehtu aekikh sxelhprakastnexngepnphurksakarprathanathibdiinwnthi 17 singhakhm kh s 2021 praethsxfkanisthanmirxngprathanathibdisxngtaaehnng khuxrxngprathanathibdikhnaerkaelarxngprathanathibdikhnthi 2 31 minakhmthung 29 knyaynxangxing aekikh Central Statistics Office Afghanistan Central Statistics Office Afghanistan 2020 Afghanistan John Ford Shroder University of Nebraska Encarta khlngkhxmuleka ekbcak aehlngedim emux 17 July 2004 subkhnemux 19 May 2012 Dyson Tim 2018 A Population History of India From the First Modern People to the Present Day Oxford University Press pp 4 5 ISBN 978 0 19 882905 8 Fisher Michael H 2018 An Environmental History of India From Earliest Times to the Twenty First Century Cambridge University Press p 33 ISBN 978 1 107 11162 2 Mallory J P Adams Douglas Q 1997 Encyclopedia of Indo European Culture illustrated ed Taylor amp Francis p 310 ISBN 1884964982 Tomsen Peter 2014 The Wars of Afghanistan pp 41 2 ISBN 978 1610392624 Rashid Ahmed 2000 Taliban p 187 ISBN 1 86064 417 1 Ladwig Walter C 2017 The Forgotten Front Patron Client Relationships in Counter Insurgency Cambridge University Press p 302 ISBN 9781107170773 subkhnemux 2018 05 15 As with their Cold War counterparts it was erroneous for American policymakers to believe that the governments of contemporary client states such as Iraq Afghanistan and Pakistan necessarily shared their desire to defeat radical Islamic insurgents by adhering to the prescriptions of U S counterinsurgency doctrine Zucchino David August 15 2021 Kabul s Sudden Fall to Taliban Ends U S Era in Afghanistan The New York Times subkhnemux August 17 2021 O Donnell Tim August 17 2021 What s happening in Afghanistan s last anti Taliban holdout subkhnemux August 18 2021 brrnanukrm aekikhBarfield Thomas 2012 Afghanistan A Cultural and Political History Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 15441 1 Bleaney C H Gallego Maria Angeles 2006 Afghanistan a bibliography BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 14532 0 Clements Frank 2003 Conflict in Afghanistan a Historical Encyclopedia ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 85109 402 8 Dupree Louis 1997 Afghanistan 2nd ed Oxford Pakistan Paperbacks ISBN 978 0 19 577634 8 Ewans Martin 2002 Afghanistan A Short History of Its People and Politics Curzon Press ISBN 0060505087 Fowler Corinne 2007 Chasing Tales Travel Writing Journalism and the History of British Ideas About Afghanistan Rodopi ISBN 978 90 420 2262 1 Griffiths John C 2001 Afghanistan a History of Conflict Carlton Books ISBN 978 1 84222 597 4 Habibi Abdul Hai 2003 Afghanistan an Abridged History Fenestra Books ISBN 978 1 58736 169 2 Hopkins B D 2008 The Making of Modern Afghanistan Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 0 230 55421 4 Johnson Robert 2011 The Afghan Way of War How and Why They Fight Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 979856 8 Levi Peter 1972 The Light Garden of the Angel King Journeys in Afghanistan Collins ISBN 978 0 00 211042 6 Malleson George Bruce 2005 History of Afghanistan from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878 Elibron Classic Replica ed Adamant Media Corporation ISBN 978 1 4021 7278 6 Olson Gillia M 2005 Afghanistan Capstone Press ISBN 978 0 7368 2685 3 Omrani Bijan Leeming Matthew 2011 Afghanistan A Companion and Guide 2nd ed Odyssey Publications ISBN 978 962 217 816 8 Reddy L R 2002 Inside Afghanistan End of the Taliban Era APH Publishing ISBN 978 81 7648 319 3 Runion Meredith L 2007 The History of Afghanistan Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 313 33798 7 aehlngkhxmulxun aekikhkhnhaekiywkb Afghanistan ephimthiokhrngkarphinxngkhxngwikiphiediy bthniyam cakwikiphcnanukrm sux cakkhxmmxns thrphyakrkareriyn cakwikiwithyaly xyphcn cakwikikhakhm khxkhwamtnchbb cakwikisxrs tara cakwikitaraOffice of the President Afghanistan The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency satharnrthxislamxfkanisthan thiewbist Curlie Wikimedia Atlas of Afghanistan Research Guide to Afghanistankxnhna satharnrthxislamxfkanisthan thdiprthxislamchwngepliynphanxfkanisthan satharnrthxislamxfkanisthan 2004 2021 exmiertxislamxfkanisthan bthkhwamekiywkbpraeths dinaedn hruxekhtkarpkkhrxngniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodyephimkhxmulekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title satharnrthxislamxfkanisthan amp oldid 9579788, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
.svg.html){kind=link}
.svg.html){kind=link}
.svg.html){kind=link}
