ชื่ออื่นที่กล่าวถึง "จักรวรรดิโรมัน" ในกลุ่มชาวโรมันและกรีกได้แก่ Res publica Romana หรือ Imperium Romanorum (ในภาษากรีก: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων – ["เครือจักรภพ (แปลตรงตัวว่า 'อาณาจักร' แต่สามารถตีความเป็น 'จักรวรรดิ') ของชาวโรมัน"]) และ RomaniaRes publica หมายถึง "เครือจักรภพ"โรมัน และสามารถอิงถึงสมัยสาธารณรัฐและจักรวรรดิ Imperium Romanum (หรือ "Romanorum") อิงถึงขอบเขตดินแดนของอำนาจโรมัน Populus Romanus ("ชาวโรมัน") มักใช้เรียกรัฐโรมัน คำว่า Romania เดิมทีสำนวนภาษาปากของดินแดนจักรวรรดิเช่นเดียวกันกับสมุหนามของผู้อยู่อาศัย ปรากฏในข้อมูลกรีกและลาตินในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 4 เป็นต้นมา และถูกนำไปใช้กับจักรวรรดิโรมันตะวันออก (ดู R. L. Wolff, "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople" in Speculum 23 (1948), pp. 1–34 and especially pp. 2–3).
Morley, Neville (17 August 2010). The Roman Empire: Roots of Imperialism. ISBN978-0-7453-2870-6.
Diamond, Jared (4 January 2011). Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed: Revised Edition. ISBN978-1-101-50200-6.
Bennett, Julian (1997). Trajan: Optimus Princeps : a Life and Times. Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-16524-2.. Fig. 1. Regions east of the Euphrates river were held only in the years 116–117.
↑ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D". Social Science History. Duke University Press. 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. สืบค้นเมื่อ 6 February 2016.
Durand, John D. (1977). "Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation". Population and Development Review. 3 (3): 253–296. doi:10.2307/1971891. JSTOR 1971891.
Abbott, Frank Frost (1901). A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions. Elibron Classics. ISBN978-0-543-92749-1.
Adams, J. N. (2003). "'Romanitas' and the Latin Language". The Classical Quarterly. 53 (1): 184–205. doi:10.1093/cq/53.1.184. JSTOR 3556490.
Albrecht, Michael von (1997). A History of Roman Literature: From Livius Andronicus to Boethius : with Special Regard to Its Influence on World Literature. Vol. 2. BRILL. ISBN978-90-04-10709-0.
Ando, Clifford (2000). Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire. University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-22067-6.
Auguet, Roland (2012). Cruelty and Civilization: The Roman Games. Routledge. ISBN978-1-135-09343-3.
Boardman, John, บ.ก. (2000). The Cambridge Ancient History: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192. Vol. Vol. 11. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-26335-1. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
Bohec, Yann Le (2000). The Imperial Roman Army. Psychology Press. ISBN978-0-415-22295-2.
Bowersock, Glen Warren; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (1999). Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World. Harvard University Press. p. 625. ISBN978-0-674-51173-6.
Bowman, Alan; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil, บ.ก. (2005). The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-30199-2.
Bradley, Keith (1994). Slavery and Society at Rome. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-37887-1.
Cavallo, Guglielmo; Chartier, Roger (1999). A History of Reading in the West. Polity Press. ISBN978-0-7456-1936-1.
Clarke, John R. (1991). The Houses of Roman Italy, 100 B.C.-A.D. 250: Ritual, Space, and Decoration. University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-08429-2.
Dyson, Stephen L. (2010). Rome: A Living Portrait of an Ancient City. JHU Press. ISBN978-1-4214-0101-0.
Edmondson, J.C. (1996). "Dynamic Arenas: Gladiatorial Presentations in the City of Rome and the Construction of Roman Society during the Early Empire". Roman Theater and Society. University of Michigan Press.
Edwards, Catharine (2007). Death in Ancient Rome. Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-11208-5.
Elsner, Jaś; Huskinson, Janet (2011). Life, Death and Representation: Some New Work on Roman Sarcophagi. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN978-3-11-020213-7.
Frier, Bruce W.; McGinn, Thomas A. (2004). A Casebook on Roman Family Law. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-516185-4.
Gagarin, Michael, บ.ก. (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-517072-6.
Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). The Complete Roman Army. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN978-0-500-05124-5.
Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith (2009). How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-13719-4. Commodus Gibbon.
Habinek, Thomas N. (2005). The World of Roman Song: From Ritualized Speech to Social Order. JHU Press. ISBN978-0-8018-8105-3.
Harris, W. V. (1989). Ancient Literacy. Harvard University Press. ISBN978-0-674-03381-8.
Holleran, Claire (2012). Shopping in Ancient Rome: The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate. OUP Oxford. ISBN978-0-19-969821-9.
Humphrey, John H. (1986). Roman Circuses: Arenas for Chariot Racing. University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-04921-5.
Huzar, Eleanor Goltz (1978). Mark Antony: a Biography. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN978-0-8166-0863-8.
Johnson, William A; Parker, Holt N (2009). Ancient Literacies: The Culture of Reading in Greece and Rome. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-971286-1.
Johnson, William A. (2010). Readers and Reading Culture in the High Roman Empire: A Study of Elite Communities. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-972105-4.
Jones, A. H. M. (1960). "The Cloth Industry Under the Roman Empire". The Economic History Review. 13 (2): 183–192. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1960.tb02114.x (inactive 31 May 2021). JSTOR 2591177.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of พฤษภาคม 2021 (ลิงก์)
Kelly, Christopher (2007). The Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-280391-7.
Kousser, Rachel Meredith (2008). Hellenistic and Roman Ideal Sculpture: The Allure of the Classical. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-87782-4.
Laes, Christian (2011). Children in the Roman Empire: Outsiders Within. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-89746-4.
Marshall, Anthony J. (1976). "Library Resources and Creative Writing at Rome". Phoenix. 30 (3): 252–264. doi:10.2307/1087296. JSTOR 1087296.
Millar, Fergus (2012). "Empire and City, Augustus to Julian: Obligations, Excuses and Status". Journal of Roman Studies. 73: 76–96. doi:10.2307/300073. JSTOR 300073.
Mommsen, Theodore (2005) [1909]. William P. Dickson (บ.ก.). The provinces of the Roman empire from Caesar to Diocletian. แปลโดย William P. Dickson. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library.
Morris, Ian; Scheidel, Walter (2009). The Dynamics of Ancient Empires: State Power from Assyria to Byzantium. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-970761-4.
Naerebout, Frederick G. (2009). "Dance in the Roman Empire and Its Discontents". Ritual Dynamics and Religious Change in the Roman Empire. Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Heidelberg, 5–7 July 2007), Brill.
Nicolet, Claude (1991). Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire. University of Michigan Press. ISBN978-0-472-10096-5.
Peachin, Michael, บ.ก. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-518800-4.
Potter, David Stone; Mattingly, D. J. (1999). Life, Death, and Entertainment in the Roman Empire. University of Michigan Press. ISBN978-0-472-08568-2.
Potter, David S., บ.ก. (2009). A Companion to the Roman Empire. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-1-4051-9918-6.
Rochette, Bruno (2012). "Language Policies in the Roman Republic and Empire". A Companion to the Latin Language. pp. 549–563. doi:10.1002/9781444343397.ch30. ISBN978-1-4443-4339-7.
Rawson, Beryl (1987). The Family in Ancient Rome: New Perspectives. Cornell University Press. ISBN978-0-8014-9460-4.
Rawson, Beryl (2003). Children and Childhood in Roman Italy. OUP Oxford. ISBN978-0-19-151423-4.
Roberts, Michael John (1989). The jeweled style: poetry and poetics in late antiquity. Cornell University Press. ISBN978-0-8014-2265-2.
Stambaugh, John E. (1988). The Ancient Roman City. JHU Press. ISBN978-0-8018-3692-3.
Sullivan, Richard, D. (1990). Near Eastern Royalty and Rome, 100-30 BC. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN978-0-8020-2682-8.
Vout, Caroline (2009). "The Myth of the Toga: Understanding the History of Roman Dress". Greece and Rome. 43 (2): 204–220. doi:10.1093/gr/43.2.204. JSTOR 643096.
Winterling, Aloys (2009). Politics and Society in Imperial Rome. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-1-4051-7969-0.
Wiseman, T.P. (1970). "The Definition of Eques Romanus". Historia. 19 (1): 67–83.
Wood, Gordon S. (2011). The Idea of America: Reflections on the Birth of the United States. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN978-1-101-51514-3.
กรวรรด, โรม, บทความน, งต, องการเพ, มแหล, งอ, างอ, งเพ, อพ, จน, ความถ, กต, อง, ณสามารถพ, ฒนาบทความน, ได, โดยเพ, มแหล, งอ, างอ, งตามสมควร, เน, อหาท, ขาดแหล, งอ, างอ, งอาจถ, กลบออกระว, งส, บสนก, นศ, กด, ทธ, และจ, กรวรรด, ละต, ละต, imperium, rōmānum, ɪmˈpɛri, ũː, . bthkhwamniyngtxngkarephimaehlngxangxingephuxphisucnkhwamthuktxng khunsamarthphthnabthkhwamniidodyephimaehlngxangxingtamsmkhwr enuxhathikhadaehlngxangxingxacthuklbxxkrawngsbsnkb ckrwrrdiormnxnskdisiththiaelackrwrrdilatin ckrwrrdiormn latin Imperium Rōmanum ɪmˈpɛri ũː roːˈmaːnũː krik Basileia tῶn Ῥwmaiwn xngkvs Roman Empire epnchwngrayaewlahnungkhxngxarythrrmormnobransungpkkhrxngodyrupaebbxttathipity ckrwrrdiormnidsubtxkarpkkhrxngmacaksatharnrthormn 510 pikxnkhristkal stwrrsthi 1 kxnkhristal sungidxxnaexlnghlngcakkhwamkhdaeyngrahwangikxus marixusaelasulla aelasngkhramklangemuxngrahwangcueliys sisaraelapxmpiy 7 miwnhlaywnthiidthukesnxihepnesnaebngkhxngkarepliynaeplngrahwangsatharnrthaelackrwrrdi idaekwnthicueliys sisarprakastwepnphuephdckar 44 pikxnkhristkal chychnakhxngxxkhetewiyninyuththnawithixktixung 2 knyayn 31 pikxnkhristkal wnthiwuthisphaprakasykyxngxxkhetewiynihepnexakustus 16 mkrakhm 27 pikxnkhristkal ckrwrrdiormnSenatus Populusque Romanus latin Imperium Romanum n 1 latin Basileia tῶn Ῥwmaiwn krikobran Basileia ton Rhōmaiōn27 pikxnkhristskrach kh s 476 wnthidngedim 1 2 kh s 395 476 480 tawntk kh s 395 1453 tawnxxk ewksieliymthimixinthrickrwrrdi xinthrickrwrrdickrwrrdiormninchwngsungsudemux kh s 117 inchwngthickrphrrdiitryanusswrrkht rthbriwarepnsichmphu 3 emuxnghlwngorm odyphvtinyaelaodynitinyin 27 pikxnkhristskrachthung kh s 286 swnnitinyxyuin kh s 286 thung 476 emdioxlanung kh s 286 402 tawntk raewnna kh s 402 476 tawntk niokemediy kh s 286 330 tawnxxk khxnsaetntionepil kh s 330 1453 tawnxxk phasathwipphasalatinaelakrik phasainphumiphakh thxngthinsasnaphhuethwniymthinaodylththickrwrrdi kxn kh s 274 ekharwmlththisuriyaxtiethwniymkhxngoslxinwiktus kxn kh s 380 khristckrinsin thangkar kh s 380 epntnma karpkkhrxngrachathipitykungodyeluxktng tamrabbepnsmburnayasiththirachyckrphrrdi 27 pikxnkhristskrach kh s 14exakustus xngkhaerk kh s 98 117itryanus kh s 270 275xxereliyn kh s 284 305dixxekltixanus kh s 306 337khxnsaetntinmharach kh s 379 395ethxxdxsixusthi 1 n 2 kh s 474 480yulixus aenops n 3 kh s 475 476ormulus exakustus kh s 527 565yustinixanusthi 1 kh s 610 641ehrakhlixs kh s 780 797khxnsaetntinthi 6 n 4 kh s 976 1025ebsilthi 2 kh s 1449 1453khxnsaetntinthi 11 n 5 sphanitibyytiwuthisphayukhprawtisastrsmykhlassikthungsmyklangtxnplay sngkhramkhrngsudthaykhxngsatharnrthormn32 30 pikxnkhristskrach kxtngckrwrrdi30 2 pikxnkhristskrach khxnsaetntionepilklayepnemuxnghlwng11 phvsphakhm kh s 330 karaebngtawnxxk tawntkkhrngsudthay17 mkrakhm kh s 395 karpldckrphrrdiormulus exakustus4 knyayn kh s 476 karsngharckrphrrdiyulixus aenops25 emsayn kh s 480 sngkhramkhruesdkhrngthi 412 emsayn kh s 1204 karphichitkhxnsaetntionepilxikkhrng25 krkdakhm kh s 1261 karesiykrungkhxnsaetntionepil29 phvsphakhm 1453 etrbisxndlmslay15 singhakhm kh s 1461phunthi25 pikxnkhristskrach 4 2 750 000 tarangkiolemtr 1 060 000 tarangiml kh s 117 4 5 5 000 000 tarangkiolemtr 1 900 000 tarangiml kh s 390 4 4 400 000 tarangkiolemtr 1 700 000 tarangiml prachakr 25 pikxnkhristskrach 6 56 800 000skulenginessetrixus exaerxus oslidus onmistakxnhna thdipsatharnrthormn ckrwrrdiormntawntkckrwrrdiormntawnxxkckrwrrdiormninchwngewlatangkn ckrwrrdiormnekhymidinaednxyuinkarkhrxbkhrxngmakmay idaek xngkvsaelaewls yuorpswnihy fngtawntkkhxngaemnairnaelathangitkhxngethuxkekhaaexlp chayfngkhxngaexfrikaehnux briewnmnthliklekhiyngkhxngxiyipt aethbbxlkhan thaelda exechiyimenxr aelaswnihykhxngbriewnliaewnt sungdinaednehlani caktawntksutawnxxkinpccubnidaek oprtueks sepn xngkvs frngess xitali aexlebeniyaelakris aethbbxlkhan turki phakhtawnxxkaelaphakhtawntkkhxngeyxrmni thangphakhitckrwrrdiormnidrwbrwmtawnxxkklangiw singinpccubnkidaeksieriy elbanxn xisraexl cxraedn caknninphakhtawntkechiyngit ckrwrrdiidrwbrwmxiyiptobraniwthnghmd aelaidthakaryudkhrxngtxipthangtawntksungepnbriewnchayfngthaelsinginpccubnkhuxpraethsliebiy tuniesiy aexlcieriyaelaomrxkok cnthungtawntkkhxngyibrxltar prachachnthwipthixasyxyuinckrwrrdiormneriykwachawormn aeladaeninchiwitphayitkdhmayormn karkhyayxanackhxngormniderimmanantngaetkxnthicaepliynaeplngkarpkkhrxngepnrabbsmburnayasiththirachy aelaeruxngxanacsungsudinsmyckrphrrdithracn dwychychnaehnuxdaesiy pccubnkhuxpraethsormaeniyaelamxlodwa aelaswnhnungkhxngpraethshngkari blaekeriyaelayuekhrn inpi kh s 106 aelaemosopetemiyinpi kh s 116 sungphayhlngsuyesiydinaednniipinsmyckrphrrdihadrixanus thungcudni ckrwrrdiormnidkhrxbkhrxngaephndinpraman 5 900 000 tarangkiolemtr 2 300 000 tarangiml aelahxmlxmthaelemdietxrereniyn sungchawormneriykthaelniwa mare nostrum thaelkhxngera xiththiphlkhxngormnidsngphltxkarphthnathangdanphasa sasna sthaptykrrm prchya kdhmayaelarabbkaremuxngmacnthungthukwnnickrwrrdithukaebngxxkepnfngtawntkaelafngtawnxxkinsmykhxngckrphrrdiidoxkhliechiyn aelathuxwackrwrrdiormnlmslaylnginchwngewlapramanwnthi 4 kumphaphnth kh s 476 emuxckrphrrdiormulus exakustus ckrphrrdiphraxngkhsudthaykhxngckrwrrdiormntawntkthukkhbilaelaekidkarclaclkhuninorm duinkarlmslaykhxngckrwrrdiormn xyangirktam ckrwrrdiormntawnxxk hruxthiruckkninchuxckrwrrdiibaesnithn kidrksakdhmay khnbthrrmeniympraephniaebbkrik ormn rwmthungsasnakhristnikayxxothdxksiwidinxikshswrrstxma cnthungkarlmslayemuxesiykrungkhxnsaetntionepilihkbckrwrrdixxtotmn inpikh s 1453 enuxha 1 prawtisastr 1 1 smyrungeruxng 1 1 1 ckrphrrdiphraxngkhaerk 1 1 2 caksatharnrthsusmyphuna exakustus 1 2 yukhesuxmaelakarlmslay 2 phumisastraelaprachakr 3 sphaphsngkhmaelakhwamepnxyukhxngchawormn 3 1 sthanathangsngkhmkhxngprachakr 3 2 kdhmayormn 4 karemuxng karpkkhrxngaelakarthhar 5 karsuksaaelakarruhnngsux 6 wrrnkrrmsmyormn 7 sasna 8 hmayehtu 9 xangxing 9 1 brrnanukrm 10 aehlngkhxmulxunprawtisastr aekikhnkprawtisastridaebngaeykchwngkarpkkhrxngkhxngckrwrrdiormnepnsmyphuna Principate sungerimtngaetckrphrrdiexakustuscnthungwikvtkarnkhriststwrrsthi 3 aelasmykhrxbnga Dominate sungerimtngaetckrphrrdiidoxkhliechiyncnthungkarlmslaykhxngckrwrrdiormntawntk sunginsmyphuna ckrphrrdicamixanacxyuebuxnghlngkarpkkhrxngaebbsatharnrth aetinsmykhrxbnga xanackhxngckrphrrdiidaesdngxxkmaxyangetmthi dwymngkudthxngaelaphithikrrmthihruhra aelaemuxerw ni nkprawtisastridphisucnwarupaebbkarpkkhrxngniidichtxcnthungchwngewlakhxngckrwrrdiibaesnithn smyrungeruxng aekikh ckrphrrdiphraxngkhaerk aekikh cueliys sisaridprakastwepnphuephdckartlxdxayukhy sungtamkdhmayaelw phuephdckarcatxngimxyuintaaehnngekin 6 eduxn taaehnngkhxngsisarcungkhdkbkdhmayxyangehnidchd thaihehlasmachikwuthisphabangkhnekidkhwamhwadraaewngwaekhacatngtnepnkstriyaelasthapnarabxbsmburnayasiththirachy dngnncungekidkarwangaephnkarlxbsngharkhun aelainwnthi 15 minakhm 44 pikxnkhristkal cueliys sisaresiychiwitlngodyfimuxkhxngphwklxbsngharxxkhetewiyn butrbuythrrmaelathayaththangkaremuxngkhxngcueliys sisar ideriynrucakkhwamphidphladthiekidkhun aelaimxangsiththiintaaehnngphuephdckar aetidkhyayxanacphayitrupaebbsatharnrthxyangramdrawng odyepnkartngicthicasnbsnunphaphlwngaehngkarfunfukhxngsatharnrth ekhaidrbtaaehnngthangkaremuxnghlaytaaehnng echn exakustus sungaeplwa phusungsng aelaphrinesps sungaeplwa phlemuxngchnhnungaehngsatharnrthormn hrux phunasungsudkhxngwuthisphaormn taaehnngniepnrangwlsahrbbukhkhlphuthanganrbichrthxyanghnk aemthphpxmpiyekhyidrbtaaehnngniechnknnxkcakni exakustusyngidsiththiinkarswmmngkudphlemuxng thithacakimlxerlaelaimoxkhxikdwy xyangirktam thngtaaehnngtang aelamngkudkimidmxbxanacphiessid ihekha ekhaepnephiyngkngsulethann aelain 13 pikxnkhristkal exakustusidepnphxntiefks aemksimus phayhlngkaresiychiwitkhxngmarkus ixmilixus aelpidus exakustussasmphlngxanaciwmakodythiimidxangsiththiintaaehnngtang makekinip caksatharnrthsusmyphuna exakustus aekikh inpi 31 pikxnkhristkal markh aexnothniaelakhlioxphtraphayaephinyuththnawithixktixungaelaidkrathaxtwinibatkhatkrrmthngkhu xxkhetewiynidsaercothssisaeriyn lukchaykhxngkhlioxphtraaelacueliys sisardwy karsngharsisaeriynthaihxxkhetewiynimmikhuaekhngthangkaremuxngthimisayeluxdiklchidkbcueliys sisaraelw ekhacungklayepnphupkkhrxngkhnediywkhxngorm xxkhetewiynerimkarptirupthangthhar esrsthkicaelakaremuxngkhrngihy odymiectnaephuxthaihxanackrormnmnkhngaelasngbsukh aelayngthaihekidkaryxmrbinrupaebbkarpkkhrxngihmnidwyinchwngewlathixxkhetewiynpkkhrxngormn wuthisphaidmxbchuxexakustusihekha phrxmkbtaaehnng ximephxeretxr cxmthph dwy sungidphthnaepn exmephxerxr ckrphrrdi inphayhlngexakustusmkcathukeriykwa sisar sungepnnamskulkhxngekha khawasisarnithukicheriykckrphrrdiinrachwngsyulixus ekladixus aelarachwngsflawixus ckrphrrdiaewspasixanus ckrphrrdititus aelackrphrrdidxmitixanus dwy aelayngepnraksphthkhxngkhawa sar rsesiy tsar aela ikesxr eyxrmn kaiser yukhesuxmaelakarlmslay aekikhphumisastraelaprachakr aekikhsphaphsngkhmaelakhwamepnxyukhxngchawormn aekikhsthanathangsngkhmkhxngprachakr aekikh kdhmayormn aekikhkaremuxng karpkkhrxngaelakarthhar aekikhkarsuksaaelakarruhnngsux aekikhwrrnkrrmsmyormn aekikhsasna aekikhhmayehtu aekikh chuxxunthiklawthung ckrwrrdiormn inklumchawormnaelakrikidaek Res publica Romana hrux Imperium Romanorum inphasakrik Basileia tῶn Ῥwmaiwn ekhruxckrphph aepltrngtwwa xanackr aetsamarthtikhwamepn ckrwrrdi khxngchawormn aela Romania Res publica hmaythung ekhruxckrphph ormn aelasamarthxingthungsmysatharnrthaelackrwrrdi Imperium Romanum hrux Romanorum xingthungkhxbekhtdinaednkhxngxanacormn Populus Romanus chawormn mkicheriykrthormn khawa Romania edimthisanwnphasapakkhxngdinaednckrwrrdiechnediywknkbsmuhnamkhxngphuxyuxasy praktinkhxmulkrikaelalatininkhriststwrrsthi 4 epntnma aelathuknaipichkbckrwrrdiormntawnxxk du R L Wolff Romania The Latin Empire of Constantinople in Speculum 23 1948 pp 1 34 and especially pp 2 3 ckrwrrdixngkhsudthaythipkkhrxngdinaednckrwrrdiormnthnghmdkxnthicaaeykxxkepnsxngckrwrrdi ckrphrrdixngkhsudthayaehngormntawntk phunakhnsudthaythithnghmdyxmrbwaepnckrphrrdiormn ckrphrrdixngkhsudthayinckrwrrdiibaesnithn ormntawnxxk xangxing aekikh Morley Neville 17 August 2010 The Roman Empire Roots of Imperialism ISBN 978 0 7453 2870 6 Diamond Jared 4 January 2011 Collapse How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed Revised Edition ISBN 978 1 101 50200 6 Bennett Julian 1997 Trajan Optimus Princeps a Life and Times Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 16524 2 Fig 1 Regions east of the Euphrates river were held only in the years 116 117 4 0 4 1 4 2 Taagepera Rein 1979 Size and Duration of Empires Growth Decline Curves 600 B C to 600 A D Social Science History Duke University Press 3 3 4 125 doi 10 2307 1170959 JSTOR 1170959 Turchin Peter Adams Jonathan M Hall Thomas D 2006 East West Orientation of Historical Empires PDF Journal of World Systems Research 12 2 222 ISSN 1076 156X subkhnemux 6 February 2016 Durand John D 1977 Historical Estimates of World Population An Evaluation Population and Development Review 3 3 253 296 doi 10 2307 1971891 JSTOR 1971891 inchwngrayakaltxsuni smachikwuthisphaidlmtaylngipnbrxykhn wuthispha cungidbrrcuphuthiphkdiinkhxtklngitrphnthmitrkhrngaerkaelakhxtklngitrphnthmitrkhrngthisxngephim brrnanukrm aekikh Abbott Frank Frost 1901 A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions Elibron Classics ISBN 978 0 543 92749 1 Adams J N 2003 Romanitas and the Latin Language The Classical Quarterly 53 1 184 205 doi 10 1093 cq 53 1 184 JSTOR 3556490 Albrecht Michael von 1997 A History of Roman Literature From Livius Andronicus to Boethius with Special Regard to Its Influence on World Literature Vol 2 BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 10709 0 Ando Clifford 2000 Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 22067 6 Auguet Roland 2012 Cruelty and Civilization The Roman Games Routledge ISBN 978 1 135 09343 3 Boardman John b k 2000 The Cambridge Ancient History The High Empire A D 70 192 Vol Vol 11 Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 26335 1 a href E0 B9 81 E0 B8 A1 E0 B9 88 E0 B9 81 E0 B8 9A E0 B8 9A Cite book html title aemaebb Cite book cite book a volume has extra text help Bohec Yann Le 2000 The Imperial Roman Army Psychology Press ISBN 978 0 415 22295 2 Bowersock Glen Warren Brown Peter Grabar Oleg 1999 Late Antiquity A Guide to the Postclassical World Harvard University Press p 625 ISBN 978 0 674 51173 6 Bowman Alan Garnsey Peter Cameron Averil b k 2005 The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12 The Crisis of Empire AD 193 337 Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 30199 2 Bradley Keith 1994 Slavery and Society at Rome Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 37887 1 Cavallo Guglielmo Chartier Roger 1999 A History of Reading in the West Polity Press ISBN 978 0 7456 1936 1 Clarke John R 1991 The Houses of Roman Italy 100 B C A D 250 Ritual Space and Decoration University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 08429 2 Dyson Stephen L 2010 Rome A Living Portrait of an Ancient City JHU Press ISBN 978 1 4214 0101 0 Edmondson J C 1996 Dynamic Arenas Gladiatorial Presentations in the City of Rome and the Construction of Roman Society during the Early Empire Roman Theater and Society University of Michigan Press Edwards Catharine 2007 Death in Ancient Rome Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 11208 5 Elsner Jas Huskinson Janet 2011 Life Death and Representation Some New Work on Roman Sarcophagi Walter de Gruyter ISBN 978 3 11 020213 7 Frier Bruce W McGinn Thomas A 2004 A Casebook on Roman Family Law Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 516185 4 Gagarin Michael b k 2010 The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 517072 6 Goldsworthy Adrian 2003 The Complete Roman Army London Thames amp Hudson ISBN 978 0 500 05124 5 Goldsworthy Adrian Keith 2009 How Rome Fell Death of a Superpower New Haven Connecticut Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 13719 4 Commodus Gibbon Habinek Thomas N 2005 The World of Roman Song From Ritualized Speech to Social Order JHU Press ISBN 978 0 8018 8105 3 Harris W V 1989 Ancient Literacy Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 03381 8 Holleran Claire 2012 Shopping in Ancient Rome The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate OUP Oxford ISBN 978 0 19 969821 9 Humphrey John H 1986 Roman Circuses Arenas for Chariot Racing University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 04921 5 Huzar Eleanor Goltz 1978 Mark Antony a Biography Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press ISBN 978 0 8166 0863 8 Johnson William A Parker Holt N 2009 Ancient Literacies The Culture of Reading in Greece and Rome Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 971286 1 Johnson William A 2010 Readers and Reading Culture in the High Roman Empire A Study of Elite Communities Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 972105 4 Jones A H M 1960 The Cloth Industry Under the Roman Empire The Economic History Review 13 2 183 192 doi 10 1111 j 1468 0289 1960 tb02114 x inactive 31 May 2021 JSTOR 2591177 a href E0 B9 81 E0 B8 A1 E0 B9 88 E0 B9 81 E0 B8 9A E0 B8 9A Cite journal html title aemaebb Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint DOI inactive as of phvsphakhm 2021 lingk Kelly Christopher 2007 The Roman Empire A Very Short Introduction Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 280391 7 Kousser Rachel Meredith 2008 Hellenistic and Roman Ideal Sculpture The Allure of the Classical Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 87782 4 Laes Christian 2011 Children in the Roman Empire Outsiders Within Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 89746 4 Marshall Anthony J 1976 Library Resources and Creative Writing at Rome Phoenix 30 3 252 264 doi 10 2307 1087296 JSTOR 1087296 Millar Fergus 2012 Empire and City Augustus to Julian Obligations Excuses and Status Journal of Roman Studies 73 76 96 doi 10 2307 300073 JSTOR 300073 Mommsen Theodore 2005 1909 William P Dickson b k The provinces of the Roman empire from Caesar to Diocletian aeplody William P Dickson Ann Arbor Michigan University of Michigan Library Morris Ian Scheidel Walter 2009 The Dynamics of Ancient Empires State Power from Assyria to Byzantium Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 970761 4 Naerebout Frederick G 2009 Dance in the Roman Empire and Its Discontents Ritual Dynamics and Religious Change in the Roman Empire Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire Heidelberg 5 7 July 2007 Brill Nicolet Claude 1991 Space Geography and Politics in the Early Roman Empire University of Michigan Press ISBN 978 0 472 10096 5 Peachin Michael b k 2011 The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 518800 4 Potter David Stone Mattingly D J 1999 Life Death and Entertainment in the Roman Empire University of Michigan Press ISBN 978 0 472 08568 2 Potter David S b k 2009 A Companion to the Roman Empire John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 4051 9918 6 Rochette Bruno 2012 Language Policies in the Roman Republic and Empire A Companion to the Latin Language pp 549 563 doi 10 1002 9781444343397 ch30 ISBN 978 1 4443 4339 7 Rawson Beryl 1987 The Family in Ancient Rome New Perspectives Cornell University Press ISBN 978 0 8014 9460 4 Rawson Beryl 2003 Children and Childhood in Roman Italy OUP Oxford ISBN 978 0 19 151423 4 Roberts Michael John 1989 The jeweled style poetry and poetics in late antiquity Cornell University Press ISBN 978 0 8014 2265 2 Rupke Jorg 2007 A Companion to Roman Religion Wiley ISBN 978 0 470 76645 3 Stambaugh John E 1988 The Ancient Roman City JHU Press ISBN 978 0 8018 3692 3 Sullivan Richard D 1990 Near Eastern Royalty and Rome 100 30 BC Toronto University of Toronto Press ISBN 978 0 8020 2682 8 Vout Caroline 2009 The Myth of the Toga Understanding the History of Roman Dress Greece and Rome 43 2 204 220 doi 10 1093 gr 43 2 204 JSTOR 643096 Winterling Aloys 2009 Politics and Society in Imperial Rome John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 4051 7969 0 Wiseman T P 1970 The Definition of Eques Romanus Historia 19 1 67 83 Wood Gordon S 2011 The Idea of America Reflections on the Birth of the United States Penguin Publishing Group ISBN 978 1 101 51514 3 aehlngkhxmulxun aekikhckrwrrdiormnthiokhrngkarphinxngkhxngwikiphiediy hakhwamhmay cakwikiphcnanukrm phaphaelasux cakkhxmmxns enuxhakhaw cakwikikhaw khakhm cakwikikhakhm khxmultnchbb cakwikisxrs hnngsux cakwikitara khumuxthxngethiyw cakwikithxngethiyw aehlngeriynru cakwikiwithyaly Romans for Children Archived 24 emsayn 2009 thi ewyaebkaemchchin a BBC website on ancient Rome for children at primary school level The Digital Atlas of Roman and Medieval Civilizations Roman Society amp Sustainability at planspeopleplanet org au Historical Atlas showing the expansion of the Roman Empire Roman Empire net learning resources and re enactments The Historical Theater in the Year 400 AD in Which Both Romans and Barbarians Resided Side by Side in the Eastern Part of the Roman Empire bthkhwamekiywkbprawtisastrniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodykarephimetimkhxmulduephimthi sthaniyxy prawtisastr ekhathungcak https th wikipedia org w index php title ckrwrrdiormn amp oldid 9851109, wikipedia, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด,
